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  • lectin  (3)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective separation of microorganisms by lectins: Yeast and concanavalin A as a model system (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 835-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: yeast ; aggregation ; separation ; lectin ; concanavalin A ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Specific aggregation and separation of microorganisms was investigated using yeasts and concanavalin A as a model system. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were specifically aggregated and so separated from those of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Optimum aggregation with over 99% of cells aggregated was achieved by adjustment to pH value and applied agitation. Dimeric lectin structure caused a far higher degree of aggregation than did tetrameric. Degree of aggregation was also strongly influenced by the ratio of lectin/cell concentrations, optimum aggregation occurring in the middle range of ratios. A high ratio of lectin to cells inhibited aggregation, occupation of most of the available receptors preventing intercellular bonding by divalent lectins. Detachment and reuse of concanavalin A was demonstrated using switching from moderate to low pH value. Potential uses for species-specific-separation of microorganisms are discussed. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400711
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast flocculation: Lectin synthesis and activation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; flocculation ; onset ; lectin ; cycloheximide ; heat activation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast flocculation involves binding of surface lectins to carbohydrate receptors on neighbouring cell walls. Brewing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae normally become flocculent in the stationary phase of growth. This paper presents evidence that lectins are synthesized in exponential phase, inserted into the cell wall, and activated later at the time of flocculation onset.Cycloheximide failed to prevent flocculation unless it was added in early growth; with later additions progressively larger degrees of flocculation occurred. Flocculation onset was delayed by cycloheximide but was otherwise cycloheximide insensitive. Preflocculent cells could be artificially activated to full flocculation by heat. Artificial activation of samples from growing yeast cultures confirmed the progressive synthesis of lectins throughout exponential growth. Pronase E treatment of whole cells prior to heating prevented any activation of flocculation.It was concluded that lectins were synthesized continuously from an early stage of growth and rapidly inserted into the cell wall (accessible by pronase E), where they remained inactive for up to 14 h, before being activated at flocculation onset by an as-yet unknown mechanism. It was found that lectin synthesis and activation occurred in all brewing strains tested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320090407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast flocculation: Flo1 and NewFlo phenotypes and receptor structure (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 559-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; yeast ; lectin ; receptor structure ; Flo1 ; phenotype ; NewFlo phenotype ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Flocculation characteristics of 42 flocculet strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined. Two entirely distinct ‘lectin-like’ mechanisms of flocculation were distinguished by sugar, salt, and low pH inhibitions, protease sensitivity, and selective expression of flocculation. One group, termed Flo1 phenotype, was inhibited by mannopyranoses and contained all strains bearing known genes affecting flocculation. The other group, termed NewFlo phenotype, contained the majority of brewery ale strains and was inhibited by manno- and glucopyranoses. Detailed sugar-inhibition work revealed the probable receptor identity of both Flo1 and NewFlo flocculation, as being non-reducing termini of α-(1-3)-linked mannan side branches, two or three mannopyranose residues in length.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast flocculation: Reconciliation of physiological and genetic viewpoints (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 25-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeasts ; flocculation ; FLO genes ; dsRNA ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; brewers' yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast floccultion results from surface expression of specific proteins (lectins). Two flocculation phenotypes were suggested by physiological and biochemical tests, whereas genetic data suggested a larger number of mechanisms of flocculation. After reviewing the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of flocculation, a new hypothesis combining the data available from these different sources, is proposed.Flocculation results when lectins present on flocculent cell bind sugar residues of neighbouring cell walls. These sugar receptors are intrinsic to the mannan comprizing cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two lectin phenotypes were revealed by sugar inhibition studies. The gluco- and mannospecific NewFlo phenotype is not, as yet, found in genetically defined strains. Mannospecific flocculation (Flo 1 phenotype) is found in strains containing the genes FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8. This phenotype is also found following mutation of the TUP1 or CYC8 loci, in previously non-flocculent strains. It is therefore proposed that the structure gene for mannospecific flocculation is common or possibly unbiquitous in non-flocculent strains and in consequence, FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 are probably regulatory genes, exerting positive control over the structure gene.Flocculation expression requires lectin secretion to the cell surface. Many of the observed ‘suppressions’ of flocculation may be due to mutations of the secretory process, involved in transporting structural proteins to the cell wall.The possible involvement of killer L double-stranded RNA with flocculation is suggested, given the lectin properties of viral coat proteins nad an association between L double-stranded RNA and the Flo 1 phenotype.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Another brick in the wall? Recent developments concerning the yeast cell envelope (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 10 (1994), S. 1741-1752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cell wall ; β-glucan ; mannoprotein ; GPI anchor ; flocculation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To a yeast, the cell wall is an important living organelle performing a number of vital functions, including osmotic and physical protection, selective permeability barrier, immobilized enzyme support and cell-cell recognition and adhesion. Our basic model of wall structure involves attachment of secreted mannoproteins to a fibrillar inner layer of β-glucan. Recent work has emphasised the importance of chitin in lateral walls, examined the mechanisms of attachment of mannoproteins to the various cell wall glucan fractions and elucidated the pathway of β-glucan synthesis, by means of resistance to glucan-binding killer toxins. The conventional view of wall structure has been challenged by the discovery of a class of GPI-anchored, serine/threonine-rich wall-proteins. It has been suggested, that these proteins are anchored in the plasma membrane, spanning the wall with extended O-glycosylated structures and protruding out into the medium. Examination of these proteins shows a diversity of structures, sizes and behaviour that makes it improbable that these represent a new class of wall proteins. The possible roles of one of these proteins associated with flocculation, Flo1p, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320101307
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