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  • Soyabean  (1)
  • Vigna unguiculata  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of field observations to characterise genotypic flowering responses to photoperiod and temperature: a soyabean exemplar (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 519-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soyabean ; Glycine max ; Flowering ; Photoperiod ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-nine accessions of soyabean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and 1 of wild annual soyabean (Glycine soja L.) were sown at two sites in Taiwan in 1989 and 1990 and on six occasions during 1990 at one site in Queensland, Australia. On two of the occasions in Australia additional treatments extended natural daylengths by 0.5 h and 2 h. The number of days from sowing for the first flower to appear on 50% of the plants in each treatment was recorded (f), and from these values the rate of progress towards flowering (1/f) was related to temperature and photoperiod. In photoperiod-insensitive accessions it was confirmed that the rate is linearly related to temperature at least up to about 29°C. In photoperiod-sensitive genotypes this is also the case in shorter daylengths but when the critical photoperiod (P c) is exceeded flowering is delayed. This delay increases with photoperiod until a ceiling photoperiod (P ce) is reached. Between P c and P ce, 1/f is linearly related to both temperature (positive) and photoperiod (negative), but in photoperiods longer than P ce there is no further response to either factor. The resulting triple-intersecting-plane response surface can be defined by six genetically-determined coefficients, the values of which are environment-independent but predict time to flower in any environment, and thus quantify the genotype x environment interaction. By this means the field data were used to characterise the photothermal responses of all 40 accessions. The outcome of this characterisation in conjunction with an analysis of the world-wide range of photothermal environments in which soyabean crops are grown lead to the following conclusions: (1) photoperiod-insensitivity is essential in soyabean crops in temperate latitudes, but such genotypes flower too rapidly for satisfactory yields in the tropics; (2) photoperiod-sensitivity appears to be essential to delay flowering sufficiently to allow adequate biomass accumulation in the warm climates of the tropics; (3) contrary to a widely held view, some degree of photoperiod-sensitivity is also needed in the tropics if crop-duration homeostasis is required where there is variation in sowing dates (this is achieved through a photoperiod-controlled delay in flowering which counteracts the seasonal increase in temperature that is correlated with increase in day-length); and (4) a greater degree of photoperiod-sensitivity is necessary to provide maturity-date homeostasis for variable sowing dates — a valuable attribute in regions of uncertain rainfall. Since the triple-intersecting-plane response model used here also applies to other species, the use of field data to characterise the photothermal responses of other crops is discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417943
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stability analysis of time to flowering as a screen for responsiveness to temperature and photoperiod in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 88 (1996), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cowpea ; flowering ; photoperiod ; stability analysis ; temperature ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), comprising landraces and varieties, were grown in 22 photothermal environments in Nigeria and Niger, West Africa, and a stability analysis of days from sowing to flowering (f) was carried out. Cowpeas are rarely insensitive to photoperiod; they are typically quantitative shortday plants wherein f is delayed when photoperiod (P) is longer than the critical photoperiod (P c ). Therefore, in order to quantify genotypic variation in temperature sensitivity, genotype f was regressed against the mean trial f in circumstances where P〈P c (i.e. approximately ≤ 13 hd-1) and mean temperature (T) was between 19° and 28° C. Correspondingly, in order to assess genotypic variation in photoperiod sensitivity, trials where T was near optimal (25°–28° C) but where P ranged from 10–14.5 hd-1 were used. These stability analyses detected no significant differences (P〉0.05) between genotypes 9n temperature sensitivity but revealed significant differences (P〈0.001) in photoperiod sensitivity. Regression coefficients from the stability analysis were strongly correlated (r=0.94, 19df) with a photoperiod sensitivity constant, c′, determined from a photothermal flowering model. A stability analysis of f from field trials can therefore identify and quantify genotypic variation in response to temperature and photoperiod in cowpea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029268
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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