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  • chitin  (3)
  • chitosan  (2)
  • Spathoglottis plicata  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible water-swellable chitin gel (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2049-2053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: chitin ; reversible gel ; hydrogel ; carboxylmethyl-gel ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel, reversible, water-swellable chitin gel has been produced by the carboxymethylation of a dry chitin film. The property of this material is that unlike carboxymethyl-chitin, it takes up water but is not soluble and retains a degree of rigidity even when wet. The degree of swelling depends on the reaction conditions and alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxide) used as a co-reactant during the carboxymethylation. Upon drying, the gel returns to its dry film form. This water uptake and loss is cyclic, which is a desirable property in certain applications and is a tremendous advantage in the handling of this material. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2049-2053, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alginate-chitosan coacervation in production of artificial seeds (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: artificial seed ; sodium alginate ; chitosan ; complex coacervation ; encapsulation ; embryoid viability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Survival of secondary embryoids of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera cv. Primor) has been used as an assay for the development of artificial seeds involving complex coacervation of alginate (polyanion) with chitosan (polycation). Germination frequency of 100% was achieved for encapsulated embryoids when alginate formed the inner matrix and chitosan the outer layer. When the matrix makeup was reversed, there was no germination of embryoids. The artificial seeds produced were hardened in dilute alkaline solutions of NaOH and Ca(OH)2. An optimum setting time could be selected based on a quantitative measurement of resistance of hardened capsules to compression and the germination frequency of the encapsulated embryoids. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-coat systems for encapsulation of Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae) seeds and protocorms (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 635-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Spathoglottis plicata ; orchid ; encapsulation ; two-coat systems ; complex coacervation ; artificial seed ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Complex coacervation of alginate-chitosan and alginate-gelatin were used to develop two-coat systems for the encapsulation of Spathoglottis plicata seeds and protocorms (top-shaped structures formed after seed germination of orchids). Both the seeds and the protocorms could withstand the encapsulation treatments with high viability. About 54% of seeds and 40% of large protocorms (1.6-2.0 mm) were able to tolerate a 6-h desiccation treatment. However, viability of the small protocorms (0.7-0.9 mm) was greatly reduced if they were desiccated before encapsulation. Encapsulation after desiccation significantly increased the percentage viability of seeds and protocorms. Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA, 10-5 M) before desiccation and encapsulation resulted in high percentage viability in seeds and large protocorms whereas the small protocorms were found to be less tolerant to the treatments. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:635-639, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of a chitin-apatite composite by in situ precipitation onto porous chitin scaffolds (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: apatite ; chitin ; in situ precipitation ; hydroxyapatite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Composites of chitin with calcium phosphate were obtained by in situ precipitation of the mineral from a supersaturated solution onto chitin scaffolds. The chitin scaffolds were obtained by freeze drying to give a highly porous structure possessing a polar surface favorable for apatite nucleation and growth. The extent and arrangement of calcium phosphate deposits on the chitin and substituted chitin scaffolds were explored. Up to 55% by mass of calcium phosphate could be incorporated into chitin scaffolds. Deposits on the chitin surface were of a continuous apatite carpet nature while deposits on carboxymethylated chitin surfaces displayed a spherical morphology. Carboxymethylation of chitin exerts an overall inhibitory effect towards calcium phosphate deposition, but it provides for site-specific nucleation of the mineral phase. In situ precipitation can be an important route in the future production of various polymer-calcium phosphate composites. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 541-548, 1998.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxyapatite modified chitin as potential hard tissue substitute material (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 38 (1997), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: hydroxyapatite ; chitin ; artificial bone ; mechanical properties ; bone composites ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was incorporated into chitin solutions to form an intimate mixture. Upon casting of this mixture into molds of fixed dimensions with subsequent removal of solvent, HAs containing chitin flexible plates were produced. The amount of (HA) was varied from 10 to 50% by mass of HA. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and elongation to fracture, measured at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min, of these HAs containing chitin flexible plates were evaluated. The amount of HA in the HA incorporated chitin was found to not significantly change the elastic modulus or elongation to fracture. However, a decrease in the maximum tensile stress with an increase in the HA content was found. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 38: 235-241, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ Irradiation of chitosan (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 43 (1998), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: chitosan ; γ irradiation ; films ; main chain scission ; network structure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Chitosan has potential biomedical applications that may require the final products to be sterilized before use. The γ irradiation of purified and highly deacetylated chitosan fibers and films at sterilizing doses (up to 25 kGy) caused main chain scissions. The viscosity average molecular weight of the polymer decreased with increasing irradiation dose, the radiation yields of scission being 1.16 in air and 1.53 in anoxia. Preirradiation application of a negative pressure of 100 kPa disrupted the network structure, which may have contributed to the greater radiation yield obtained by chitosan fibers in anoxia. Radiation induced scission of the chitosan chains resulted in a lower glass transition temperature (Tg), indicative of higher segmental mobility. The Tg was below ambient at an irradiation dose of 25 kGy in air. Irradiation in air improved the tensile strength of the chitosan film, probably due to changes in chain interaction and rearrangement. Irradiation in anoxia did not affect film properties significantly, partly because the preirradiation application of negative pressure had a negligible effect on the structure of the chitosan film. Polymer network structure and the irradiation conditions are therefore important determinants of the extent of radiation induced reactions in chitosan. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 282-290, 1998
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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