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  • 1
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Cytology ; Stomach neoplasm ; Staging ; Metastases ; Lavage ; Peritoneal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The prevalence and significance of free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity of clinically M0 gastric cancer patients is unknown. We reviewed our results with peritoneal washings to determine (1) the prevalence of positive cytology in M0 and M1 disease and (2) the influence of positive cytology on the pattern of failure and survival. Methods: Laparoscopic washings were obtained from 127 patients with gastric cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from December 1, 1990 to August 1, 1996. Cytology was performed by the Papanicolau technique. Results: The prevalence of positive cytology was as follows: 0% (0/45) in T1/T2 M0 disease; 10% (3/31) in T3/T4 M0 disease; and 59% in M1 disease. The three M0 patients with positive cytology recurred intra-abdominally (median follow up of 8.5 months). Survival was significantly less compared with stage-matched controls with negative cytology resected for cure (P〈.03), and the same as those patients with stage IV disease. Conclusion: Patients with positive lavage cytology are stage IV, even in the absence of macroscopic peritoneal disease. Laparoscopic lavage cytology is a rapid technique for identifying the subset of M0 patients who are unlikely to benefit from resection alone. Such patients require additional treatment strategies to improve survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Software quality journal 2 (1993), S. 177-197 
    ISSN: 1573-1367
    Keywords: Teaching assessment ; Ceilidh ; complexity ; correctness ; style
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the Ceilidh software quality control environment for the teaching of computer programming. Ceilidh provides students with an integrated environment for developing programs according to specifications and quality standards defined by the teacher. The student's programs are automatically assessed from a number of perspectives including dynamic correctness, program complexity and programming style. The assessment of programs is carried out according to well established software metrics and students may repeatedly re-assess their programs, enabling them gradually to work towards a quality target. The paper gives an overview of the functionality of Ceilidh followed by a more detailed description of the software metrics used. It also discusses some of the insights gained from several years' use at Nottingham. Finally, the paper outlines plans for the future development of Ceilidh including a pilot project involving 30 UK institutes of higher education funded under the Universities Funding Council's Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP). The paper should be of particular interest to anyone involved in teaching programming, whether it be in university, in schools or in industry, who might wish to construct a similar system or who might wish to obtain and use Ceilidh directly. It should also be of interest to those looking for experiences gained from large-scale applications of software quality metrics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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