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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of amphiregulin in breast cancer (1995)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 33 (1995), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: amphiregulin ; breast tumors ; EGF receptor ; oncogenes ; steroid hormones ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amphiregulin (AR) is an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related peptide that operates exclusively through the EGF receptor and that can bind to heparin. AR also possesses nuclear localization sequences in the extended NH2-terminal region suggesting an additional intracellular site of action. AR mRNA and protein expression have been detected in primary human mammary epithelial cell strains, nontransformed human mammary epithelial cell lines, several human breast cancer cell lines, and primary human breast carcinomas. The frequency and levels of AR protein expression are generally higher in invasive breast carcinomas than in ductal carcinomasin situ or in normal, noninvolved mammary epithelium. In addition, AR can function as an autocrine and/or juxtacrine growth factor in human mammary epithelial cells that have been transformed by an activated c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene or by overexpression of c-erb B-2. AR expression is also enhanced by mammotrophic hormones such as estrogens and other growth factors such as EGF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00682718
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of messenger RNA for amphiregulin, heregulin, and cripto-1, three new members of the epidermal growth factor family, in human breast carcinomas (1995)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 35 (1995), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; amphiregulin ; heregulin ; cripto-1 ; EGF receptor family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of amphiregulin (AR), heregulin (HRG), and cripto-1 (CR-1) mRNA transcripts was assessed in 60 human primary breast carcinoma. AR and HRG transcripts were expressed respectively in 58% and 25% of the carcinomas as measured by Northern blot analysis. CR-1 mRNA was found in 77% of the carcinomas using Reverse Transcriptase-PCR analysis. Coexpression of two or three of these peptides was observed in several specimens. There was no significant association between AR, HRG, and CR-1 expression and nodal status, EGF receptor, or c-erbB-2 protooncogene expression in these tumors. However, a significant association between AR expression and estrogen receptor positivity was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665981
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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