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  • arterial hypertension  (2)
  • beta-cell autoimmunity  (2)
  • islet cell antibodies  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial hypertension and microalbuminuria in IDDM: The Italian Microalbuminuria Study (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1015-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; arterial hypertension ; borderline hypertension ; microalbuminuria ; diabetic nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial hypertension and poor glycaemic control are central to the development of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Recent consensus has established sensitive criteria for their detection and treatment, although the proportion of patients who may benefit is unclear. Between 1988 and 1990, we measured urinary albumin to creatinine concentration ratio (A/C) in 3,636 adult out-patients with IDDM of more than 3 years duration, serum creatinine under 133 Μmol/l and who were not undergoing antihypertensive treatment. A/C indicating microalbuminuria (≥2.38/ 2.96 mg/mmol, male/female) was found in 620 of 3,451 patients without proteinuria, and associated with hypertension (blood pressure ≥140 and/or 90 mm Hg; p=0.0016; rate: 39.6%), independent of diabetes duration (p=0.0082) and male gender (p=0.0350; relative risk=1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.32). Hypertension was less common among those with normal A/C (27.5%, p〈0.0001) but was positively related with diabetes duration. Of the 1,015 patients with A/C〉2.0 mg/mmol 529 were reexamined. Glycated haemoglobin levels exceeded 3 SD above the mean of normal in 84.3% of the 198 microalbuminuric patients (AER=20–200 Μg/min), but were comparably poor (79.2%) in normoalbuminuria. Duration of diabetes was inversely related to glycated haemoglobin only in microalbuminuria (0.05〈p〈0.1). Intervention to lower blood pressure remains mainly restricted to those patients with long-term diabetes and slower development of kidney disease. Near-normalisation of glycaemia remains the priority for the majority of patients with microalbuminuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400465
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune abnormalities in diabetic patients not requiring insulin at diagnosis (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 392-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; Type 2 diabetes ; islet cell antibodies ; complement fixing islet cell antibodies ; immune complexes ; thyro-gastric autoantibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antibodies (ICA), complement fixing islet cell antibodies, immune complexes and thyro-gastric autoantibodies were studied in newly diagnosed diabetic patients not requiring insulin at diagnosis. Particular attention was focussed on that minority of patients who are initially treated with diet or oral agents but show ICA in their serum. One hundred and six non-insulin-requiring patients were studied at clinical diagnosis. Seventeen who had ICA in their serum were compared with a control group of 89 who did not. The 17 ICA-positive diabetic patients were followed serologically for approximately 1 year from diagnosis. Patients were followed clinically for 3 years. Forty-seven percent of ICA-positive and 19% of ICA-negative patients had immune complexes in their serum. Eleven of the 17 ICA-positive patients also had serum complement fixing islet cell antibodies. Thyro-gastric antibodies were found in 29% of ICA-positive and 18% of ICA-negative diabetic patients. ICA, complement fixing antibody and immune complex positivity declined with time. Ten of the 17 ICA-positive and two of the 89 ICA-negative patients required insulin within 3 years of diagnosis. There was a positive trend for the presence of complement fixing islet cell antibodies at diagnosis to be associated with the early development of insulin dependency. The type of diabetes in ICA-positive patients not requiring insulin at diagnosis has strong immunological and clinical similarities to classical Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282516
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GM2-1 pancreatic islet ganglioside: identification and characterization of a novel islet-specific molecule (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1117-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gangliosides ; pancreatic islets ; beta-cell autoimmunity ; autoantigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have indicated that GM2-1, a pancreatic islet monosialo-ganglioside, is an islet-specific component whose expression is metabolically regulable and represents one of the target antigens of cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies. In the present study we aimed to biochemically characterize this molecule using a panel of biochemical techniques including gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry. GM2-1 ganglioside was extracted from human pancreas and purified by thin-layer chromatography. Fatty acids in the ceramide (the hydrophobic portion of the molecule), identified by gas chromatography ranged from C16:1 to C24:1. The oligosaccharide chain was enzymatically digested by the sequential application of various exoglycosidases (neuraminidase followed by Β-galactosidase, followed by Β-hexosaminidase) and characterized by gas chromatography identification of the liberated sugars. The following structure was deducted from enzymatic studies and confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis: N-acetyl neuraminic acid-galactose-galactosamine-galactosamine-glucose-ceramide. This is a novel ganglioside structure, not yet described, which shares characteristics with a neuronal glycolipid autoantigen: the LM1 ganglioside. Both GM2-1 and LM1 have a single sialic acid residue in the terminal position, the same migration position on thin layer chromatography and the same number of carbohydrate moieties. In conclusion, we have characterized a novel islet-specific ganglioside molecule with unusual characteristics, such as the terminal sialic acid and the galactosamine residues, which may facilitate both its anti-genicity and its involvement in beta-cell autoimmunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402184
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of humoral immunity in a prospective study of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects treated with insulins of different purity (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 24 (1983), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; anti-insulin antibodies ; islet cell antibodies ; immune complexes ; C1q solid phase assay ; conglutinin binding test ; monocomponent insulins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 41 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, islet cell antibodies, anti-insulin antibodies, and immune complexes measured by two different methods (the C1q solid phase assay and the conglutinin binding test) were studied at diagnosis, and the influence of treatment with insulins of different purity was investigated during the first year of treatment. Twenty subjects were treated with conventional insulins (group 1) while 21 were treated with monocomponent porcine insulins (group 2). The prevalence of islet cell antibodies significantly decreased during the 12-month study period in the 41 patients. From the first month anti-insulin antibodies were always significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. At diagnosis the prevalence of both types of immune complexes in the 41 patients was higher than in normal subjects. The immune complexes measured by the C1q solid phase method showed a significant and progressive reduction during the follow-up period, whereas the immune complexes assayed by conglutinin showed no significant variation in the same period. The presence of C1q immune complexes was found to correlate with the occurrence of islet cell antibodies both at diagnosis and during the follow-up period. The presence of conglutinin immune complexes, on the other hand, tended to parallel the increase of anti-insulin antibody levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275943
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial hypertension and microalbuminuria in IDDM: The Italian Microalbuminuria Study (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1015-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; arterial hypertension ; borderline hypertension ; microalbuminuria ; diabetic nephropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial hypertension and poor glycaemic control are central to the development of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Recent consensus has established sensitive criteria for their detection and treatment, although the proportion of patients who may benefit is unclear. Between 1988 and 1990, we measured urinary albumin to creatinine concentration ratio (A/C) in 3,636 adult out-patients with IDDM of more than 3 years duration, serum creatinine under 133 μmol/l and who were not undergoing antihypertensive treatment. A/C indicating microalbuminuria (≥ 2.38/2.96 mg/mmol, male/female) was found in 620 of 3,451 patients without proteinuria, and associated with hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140 and/or 90 mm Hg; p = 0.0016; rate: 39.6 %), independent of diabetes duration (p = 0.0082) and male gender (p = 0.0350; relative risk = 1.16; 95 % confidence interval: 1.01–1.32). Hypertension was less common among those with normal A/C (27.5 %, p 〈 0.0001) but was positively related with diabetes duration. Of the 1,015 patients with A/C ≥ 2.0 mg/mmol 529 were reexamined. Glycated haemoglobin levels exceeded 3 SD above the mean of normal in 84.3 % of the 198 microalbuminuric patients (AER = 20–200 μg/min), but were comparably poor (79.2 %) in normoalbuminuria. Duration of diabetes was inversely related to glycated haemoglobin only in microalbuminuria (0.05 〈 p 〈 0.1). Intervention to lower blood pressure remains mainly restricted to those patients with long-term diabetes and slower development of kidney disease. Near-normalisation of glycaemia remains the priority for the majority of patients with microalbuminuria. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1015–1024]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400465
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GM2-1 pancreatic islet ganglioside: identification and characterization of a novel islet-specific molecule (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1117-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Gangliosides ; pancreatic islets ; beta-cell autoimmunity ; autoantigen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have indicated that GM2-1, a pancreatic islet monosialo-ganglioside, is an islet-specific component whose expression is metabolically regulable and represents one of the target antigens of cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies. In the present study we aimed to biochemically characterize this molecule using a panel of biochemical techniques including gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry. GM2-1 ganglioside was extracted from human pancreas and purified by thin-layer chromatography. Fatty acids in the ceramide (the hydrophobic portion of the molecule), identified by gas chromatography ranged from C16:1 to C24:1. The oligosaccharide chain was enzymatically digested by the sequential application of various exoglycosidases (neuraminidase followed by β -galactosidase, followed by β -hexosaminidase) and characterized by gas chromatography identification of the liberated sugars. The following structure was deducted from enzymatic studies and confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis: N-acetyl neuraminic acid-galactose-galactosamine-galactosamine-glucose-ceramide. This is a novel ganglioside structure, not yet described, which shares characteristics with a neuronal glycolipid autoantigen: the LM1 ganglioside. Both GM2-1 and LM1 have a single sialic acid residue in the terminal position, the same migration position on thin layer chromatography and the same number of carbohydrate moieties. In conclusion, we have characterized a novel islet-specific ganglioside molecule with unusual characteristics, such as the terminal sialic acid and the galactosamine residues, which may facilitate both its antigenicity and its involvement in beta-cell autoimmunity. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1117–1121]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402184
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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