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  • hepatic encephalopathy  (2)
  • brain glucose use  (1)
  • cerebrospinal fluid  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional brain glucose use in unstressed rats after two days of starvation (1987)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 2 (1987), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: brain glucose use ; starvation ; quantitative autoradiography ; cerebral oxidative metabolism ; ketone bodies ; brain glucose transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Regional brain glucose use was measured in conscious, unrestrained, fed rats and after 2 days of starvation, using quantitative autoradiography and [6-14C]glucose. Plasma glucose, lactate, and ketone body concentrations and brain glucose and lactate content were measured in separate groups of rats. Glucose concentrations were lower in starved rats in both plasma and brain; plasma ketone body concentrations were elevated. Glucose use was found to be lower throughout the brain by about 12%. While some areas seemed to be affected more than others, statistical analysis showed that none were exceptionally different. The results could not be explained by increased loss of14C as lactate or pyruvate during the experimental period, because the arteriovenous differences of these species were insignificant. The calculated contribution by ketone bodies to the total energy consumption was between 3 and 9% for the brain as a whole in the starved rats and could, therefore, partially account for the depression seen in glucose use. It was concluded that glucose oxidation is slightly depressed throughout the brain after 2 days of starvation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999693
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain monoamines after portacaval anastomosis (1986)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 1 (1986), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: hepatic encephalopathy ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; liver disease ; monoamine neurotransmitters ; portacaval shunting ; rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, as well as the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid, were measured in whole-brain extracts from rats with a portacaval shunt or sham operation. Norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly higher after shunting. There was no difference in dopamine. The results support the idea that brain indole metabolism is increased during chronic hepatic encephalopathy. However, they provide evidence against suggestions that hepatic encephalopathy in general is accompanied by a shortage in the whole-brain content of the catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998476
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional blood-brain barrier transport of glucose after portacaval anastomosis (1986)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 1 (1986), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: glucose transport ; blood-brain barrier ; regional glucose utilization ; portacaval anastomosis ; hepatic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The regional influx of glucose across the blood-brain barrier was measured in rats 5 to 6 weeks after a portacaval anastomosis or sham operation. D-[14C]Glucose was infused intravenously for 15sec while arterial blood was sampled continuously for measurement of plasma radioactivity and glucose concentration. Brain tissue radioactivity was measured by quantitative autoradiography. Glucose influx and plasma clearance (permeability times surface area;PS) were calculated from the net disintegrations per minute per gram in brain, the plasma radioactivity integral, and the plasma glucose concentration. In shunted rats influx was decreased by about 22% (in the brain as a whole) compared to that in controls. This decrease was almost entirely due to the decrease in plasma glucose concentrations (27%). ThePS, normalized to take plasma concentrations into account, showed a slight decrease in most of the brain except the telencephalon. For the brain as a whole this decrease amounted to 11%. The regionalPS and glucose utilization are known to be coupled and the relationship between these was the same in sham-operated and shunted rats. The decrease inPS observed in shunted rats was commensurate with their lower rates of glucose use; thus, the transport process of glucose from plasma to brain appeared to be unaffected by portacaval shunting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999382
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of Glutamate into Brain of 7-day-old Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 12 (1997), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; transport ; blood-brain barrier ; immature rats ; circumventricular organs ; cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to glutamate was measured by quantitative autoradiography in brains of 7-day-old rats (average plasma glutamate 114 μM) and rats injected subcutaneously with glutamate (average plasma glutamate 2,670 μM). Measurements of glutamate permeability were initiated by the injection of [14C]glutamate into the inferior vena cava and the 7-day-old rats sacrificed at 1 minute to avoid the accumulation of [14C]glutamate metabolites in plasma. Glutamate entered the brain at a slow rate, with an average permeability-surface area product of 12 μl·min−1·g−1, except in those areas known to have fenestrated capillaries. Thus, glutamate readily entered and accumulated in circumventricular organs where the radioactivity was localized. Although three areas with a blood-brain barrier, the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus and the midbrain, of 7-day-old rats had permeabilities similar to adult rats, the other areas of the brain with a blood-brain barrier had a permeability about 1.5-1.9 times that of adult rats. The greater permeability of the brain of 7-day-old rats may reflect the degree of immaturity of the blood-brain barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MEBR.0000007102.78696.e3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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