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Influence of the level of oxygenation in sediment and water on copper bioavailability to marine bivalves: laboratory experiments and translocation experiments in the field (1998)

Hummel, Herman ; Magni, Paolo ; Amiard-Triquet, Claude ; [et al.]

Springer

Hydrobiologia 373-374 (1998), S. 297-310

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: bivalves ; oxygen ; condition ; copper ; bioavailability ; translocation ; sediment ; silt fraction

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The effects of differences in the level of oxygenation of sediment or water on the condition and copper content of two bivalves, the Baltic clam Macoma balthica and the cockle Cerastoderma edule, were assessed. Specimens from four intertidal flats in the Netherlands and France were compared, translocated and exposed to different levels of oxygen in the laboratory. Cockles showed no significant differences in condition and copper content between animals from light (= more oxygenated) and dark (= less oxygenated) sediments. Baltic clams also showed no differences in condition, but the clams had a higher copper content (concentration as well as body burden) in dark than in light sediments. During the translocation experiments no significant changes occurred. In the laboratory experiments the level of oxygen had no effect on the condition or copper content of the Baltic clam. The only factor affecting the copper content of Baltic clams was the addition of copper to the water or sediment. The copper, organic carbon and silt fraction (〈 16 µm) was higher in dark sediments than in light sediments. The copper content in the sediment was positively related to the silt and organic carbon content. We argue that the relation between coloration (= degree of oxygenation) of sediments and the copper content of Baltic clams could be indirect: due to a higher silt fraction and/or organic content at some places on a tidal flat, these places are more hypoxic and therefore darker, whereas simultaneously these places have a higher copper concentration because of more copper-complexing sites (and surface), whereby the higher copper concentration in the sediment relates to a higher copper concentration in the clams.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017015504106

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GC instrumentation for on-column injection of large volumes: Automated optimization of conditions (1995)

Munari, Fausto ; Colombo, Pier Albino ; Magni, Paolo ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Microcolumn Separations 7 (1995), S. 403-409

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ISSN: 1040-7685

Keywords: large volume on-column injection ; partially concurrent evaporation ; early vapor exit ; software modeling evaporation process ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Improved instrumentation facilitates on-column injection of up to several hundreds of microliters onto GC capillary columns. It incorporates an autosampler with adjustable injection speed, a standardized precolumn system, an early vapor exit, and software that models evaporation of a given solvent at the flow and temperature conditions chosen by the user. The software calculates the appropriate injection speed, guides the autosampler correspondingly, and closes the vapor exit at a moment leaving in the precolumn the amount of unevaporated solvent that is selected by the user. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.