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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 1004-1009 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: esterification ; immobilized enzymes ; enzymes in organic solvents ; enzyme activity and stability ; continuous enzymatic synthesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various esters were synthesized in nearly anhydrous hexane from alcohols and carboxylic acids using a lipase from Candida cylindracea. The enzyme was immobilized on a nylon support and protein loadings as high as 10 mg/g were obtained. The activity of the immobilized enzyme was maximum in a range of temperatures from 25 to 37°C. Ethylpropionate was formed from ethanol and propionic acid at a rate of 0.017 mol/h g immobilized protein. Different esters were formed at comparable rates and equilibrium conversions could generally be approached in less than 10 h in a batch reaction system. The immobilized lipase catalyst was quite stable and retained about one third of the initial activity after repeated experiments during the course of 72 days. A stirred tank continuous flow reactor was used successfully for the continuous production of esters.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 1029-1036 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: immobilization ; protein production ; continuous culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; plasmid stability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Mc16/p520 has an unstable plasmid, p520, which directs production of a wheat α-amylase. The effects of immobilizing this microorganism on the plasmid stability and the specific productivity of the secreted α-amylase were investigated. Small gelatin beads were used as the support in both fluidized and packed bed configurations, and the yeast cells were attached by covalent cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. These data were then compared to those for nonimmobilized, suspension cells.Plasmid stability was increased for the immobilized cells during continuous culture at dilution rates both above and below washout. Continuous suspension cultures were not stable and rapidly lost the plasmid. Immobilization caused an increase in specific and volumetric productivity during continuous culture, with a packed bed design resulting in the highest specific productivity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 601-605 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lipase ; enzyme immobilization ; esterification ; fatty acid ; n-hexane ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The esterification of a long-chain fatty acid was conducted using a nylon-immobilized lipase from Candida cylindracea in a nearly anhydrous, nonpolar organic medium, hexane. Butyl laurate was produced from lauric acid and n-butanol at a maximum initial reaction rate of 37 mmol/h. g immobilized enzyme when the substrates were present in equimolar amounts at an initial concentration of 0.5 mol/L. Lower rates were obtained using nonstoichiometric amounts of the substrates. The rate of reaction increased with temperature, reaching a maximum between 35 and 45°C and decreasing sharply at higher temperatures. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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