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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of d-amphetamine on operant behaviour maintained under variable-interval schedules of reinforcement (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: d-Amphetamine ; Operant behaviour ; Variable-interval schedules ; Herrnstein's equation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dose-response curves were obtained for the effects of d-amphetamine sulphate (0.1–3.2 mg/kg) on the operant performance of rats in variable-interval 4-min and variableinterval 20-min schedules of reinforcement. Response rates maintained under variable-interval 4-min were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Response rates maintained under variable-interval 20-min schedules tended to be elevated by low doses and suppressed by higher doses. The degree of response rate suppression was greater in the case of the variable-interval 4-min schedule. The results are consistent with the previously reported effect of d-amphetamine on the values of the two constants of Herrnstein's (1970) equation: the drug reduces the reinforcement frequency needed to maintain the half-maximum response rates (K h) and lowers the maximum response rate (R max) (Bradshaw et al. 1981 b). It is suggested that the effects of d-amphetamine on operant performance may involve two processes: an enhancement of motivation and a reduction of the capacity to respond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431809
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation by pimozide of the suppressant effect of d-amphetamine on operant behaviour (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pimozide ; d-Amphetamine ; Operant behaviour ; Variable-interval schedules ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between pimozide (a selective D2-dopamine receptor antagonist) and d-amphetamine on the operant performance of rats maintained under variable-interval schedules of positive reinforcement was examined. In Experiment 1, eight rats responded under variable-interval 30-s and variable-interval 300-s. Pimozide (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) suppressed performance maintained under both schedules in a dose-dependent manner, the degrees of suppression being equivalent in the two schedules. In Experiment 2, 12 rats responded under the same schedules. d-Amphetamine (0.1–3.2 mg/kg) suppressed performance under both schedules, the degree of suppression being somewhat greater in the case of variable-interval 30-s. Pre-treatment with pimozide (0.0625, 0.125 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the suppressant effect of d-amphetamine under both schedules. It is suggested that D2-dopamine receptors may be involved in mediating the suppressant effect of d-amphetamine on operant behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217071
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DSP4 alters the effect of d-amphetamine on variable-interval performance: analysis in terms of Herrnstein's equation (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DSP4 ; Noradrenaline ; d-Amphetamine ; Operant behaviour ; Variable-interval schedules ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of d-amphetamine (0.1–3.2 mg/kg) on performance in variable-interval 1-min and variable-interval 12-min schedules of positive reinforcement was examined in ten rats treated with the selective noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 and 12 control rats. In the control group d-amphetamine had a dose-dependent suppressant effect on response rates maintained under variable-interval 1-min; under variable-interval 12-min, response rates were increased by low doses and suppressed by higher doses of the drug. In the case of both schedules, lower doses of d-amphetamine were more suppressant and higher doses less suppressant in the DSP4-treated group than in the control group. The levels of noradrenaline in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum (determined by high-performance liquid chromatography) were reduced to approximately 15% of control levels in the DSP4-treated rats. The results indicate that treatment with DSP4 attenuated both the facilitatory and the suppressant effects of d-amphetamine on variable-interval performance. A formal model couched in terms of Herrnstein's (1970) equation is put forward to account for these results. It is suggested that the noradrenergic pathways emanating from the locus caeruleus are involved in both the facilitatory and suppressant effects of d-amphetamine on operant behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177924
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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