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  • morphology  (13)
  • emulsionpolymerization  (6)
  • micron-size  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of asymmetric polymer film by emulsion blend technique (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 1113-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymeremulsion ; emulsionblend ; emulsionpolymerization ; tackiness ; asymmetricfilm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two kinds of anionic polymer emulsions, of which particle sizes were greatly different, were blended and then cast on a release-paper at 30 °C. One was poly(butyl acrylate) emulsion, 0.46μn in diameter, produced by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization, and the other was ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate (1/1, mole ratio) copolymer emulsion, 0.02μm in diameter, produced by emulsifier-containing emulsion polymerization. The film produced had asymmetric surface properties: the air-side surface was nontacky and the bottom-side surface was tacky. The forming mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410676
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of anomalous polymer microspheres having uneven surfaces by “stepwise” heterocoagulation technique (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 791-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Anomalousparticle ; microsphere ; emulsionpolymerization ; emulsionblend ; heterocoagulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Anomalous polymer microspheres having uneven surfaces were produced by “stepwise” heterocoagulation technique of small polymer particles (SPs) onto large polymer particles (LPs).SPs andLPs have surface charges opposite to each other in the emulsion states.SPs were produced by emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, andLPs by emulsion terpolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid, with nonionic emulsifier being used in both cases. Maximum covering ofLP bySPs was obtained under the conditions that both emulsions were blended without the coagulation at pH 3 at room temperature and then left stand to coagulate with each other at 70 °C for 4 h at pH 9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410956
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of multihollow polymer particles by the stepwise alkali/acid method IV. Acid treatment process (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 933-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Multihollow particle ; emulsion polymerization ; emulsion ; latex ; morphology ; carboxyl group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of pH, temperature and time in the acid-treatment process on the multihollow structure formed within submicron-sized monodispersed polymer particles by the stepwise alkali/acid method proposed by the authors were examined in detail. The original particles were produced by emulsifier-free emulsion terpolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid. It was clarified that the number and the size of hollows per particle were drastically changed by the acid treatment conditions as well as those in the alkali treatment process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658890
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation mechanism of anomalous “golf ball-like” composite polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Composite polymer particle ; emulsion polymerization ; morphology ; anomalous shape ; phase separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, the authors found that anomalous polystyrene/polybutyl acrylate composite particles, whose surfaces had many dents, were produced by emulsifier-free seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate with polystyrene seed particles. Such a particle was named a “golf ball-like” particle. In this article, the morphology and the formation mechanism of the golf ball-like composite polymer particles were studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655226
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation mechanism of micron-sized monodispersed polymer particles having a hollow structure (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 992-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic swelling method ; hollow ; micron-size ; monodisperse ; cross-linking ; formation mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, the authors reported that micron-sized monodispersed cross-linked polymer particles having a single hollow in the inside were produced by seeded polymerization for the dispersion of (toluene/divinylbenzene)-swollen polystyrene (PS) particles prepared utilizing the dynamic swelling method which the authors had proposed. In this article, the particles at various conversions of the seeded polymerization were observed with an optical microscope in detail. From the obtained results, the formation mechanism of the hollow structure is suggested as follows. As seeded polymerization proceeds, poly-divinylbenzene (PDVB) molecules precipitated in the swollen particle are trapped near the interface and gradually pile at the inner surface, which results in a cross-linked PDVB shell. PS which dissolves in the swollen particles is repelled gradually to the inside. After the completion of the polymerization, toluene in the hollow evaporates by drying, and PS clings to the inner wall of the shell uniformly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050177
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the swelling state of seed polymer particles with monomer on the morphology of micron-sized monodispersed composite polymer particles produced by seeded polymerization utilizing the dynamic swelling method (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 888-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Morphology ; composite particles ; micron-size ; seeded polymerization ; dynamic swelling method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Micron-sized mono-dispersed polystyrene (PS)/poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) composite particles (PS/PBMA=2/1 by weight) having a heterogeneous structure in which many fine PBMA domains dispersed in a PS matrix near the particle surface were produced by seeded polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) of which almost all had been absorbed by 1.8 μm-sized monodispersed PS seed particles utilizing the dynamic swelling method. The morphology was varied by changing the PS/BMA ratio and polymerization temperature. It was concluded that the swelling state of 2 μm-sized BMA-swollen PS particles in the seeded polymerization process is one of the important factors to control the morphology of the composite particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050162
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of anomalous polystyrene/ polybutyl acrylate composite particles produced by seeded emulsion polymerization (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 186-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Composite polymer particle ; seeded emulsion polymerization ; morphology ; phase separation ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, we found that “golf ball”-like polystyrene (PS)/polybutyl acrylate (PBA) composite particles could be produced by seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with PS seed particles. In this article, the effects of the polymerization temperature, BA monomer concentration, and the presence of 1-octanol, which is a good solvent for PBA and a poor solvent for PS in the polymerization, on the morphology was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of stepwise heterocoagulation for the preparation of soft core/hard shell composite polymer particles (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Particle ; blend ; latex ; heterocoagulation ; emulsion polymerization ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The stepwise heterocoagulation of small cationic hard particles (SPs) onto a large anionic soft particle (LP) for the preparation of soft core/hard shell composite polymer particles was examined using dynamic light scattering and spectrophotometry. The effects of the pH value, the emulsifier content which was pre-added to the LP emulsion, and the heat treatment time on the covering of a LP by SPs, and the stability of the heterocoagulated emulsion were clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050370
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of micron-size monodisperse polymer microspheres having chloromethyl group (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymer emulsion ; polymer microsphere ; micron-size ; chloromethyl group ; dispersion polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Micron-size monodisperse polymer microspheres having chloromethyl groups thereon were prepared by two-step polymerization process as follows. First, micron-size monodisperse polystyrene particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in ethanol-water medium in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) as stabilizer under various conditions. Secondly, in the presence of the 1.9-Μm monodisperse polystyrene particles produced under the optimum conditions, seeded copolymerization for styrene and chloromethyl styrene was carried out. The seeded copolymerization proceeded smoothly without producing new particles, and it was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the chloromethyl group existed more at the surface of the produced microsphere than at that of film cast from the benzene solution in which the microspheres were dissolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410575
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of surface unevenness of anomalous composite polymer particles produced by the stepwise heterocoagulation of small particles onto large particle by heat treatment (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 270-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Anomalous particles ; emulsion polymerization ; heterocoagulation ; composite polymer particles ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Variation of surface unevenness of anomalous composite polymer particles produced by the “stepwise” heterocoagulation, which we had suggested in previous articles, of small cationic polymer particles onto large anionic polymer particle (LP) by heat treatment was examined with transmission and scanning electron microscopes. When the anomalous polymer emulsion was kept at higher temperature than the glass transition temperature ofLP, the particle surfaces were continuously changed from uneven to smooth state with the treatment time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655497
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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