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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient catalyst for the production of isobutanol and methanol from syngas. XI. K‐ and Pd‐promoted Zn/Cr/Mn spinel (excess ZnO) (1999)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 62 (1999), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: higher alcohol synthesis ; Cs‐ and Pd‐promoted Zn/Cr/Mn spinel catalysts ; isobutanol ; methanol ; synthesis gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A 2.25 wt% K‐ and 6.0 wt% Pd‐promoted Zn/Cr/Mn spinel (excess ZnO) higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) catalyst has been tested for the production of isobutanol and methanol at 440°C and 1500 psig. An isobutanol production rate of 179 g kg−1 h−1, a methanol‐to‐isobutanol mole ratio of 1.3 and a total alcohol rate of 304 g kg−1 h− are attained. This ratio is slightly higher than the desired value of 1.0 for MTBE production. These results are superior to others presented in the literature thus far. Surface characterization data indicate that the near‐surface region of the catalyst consists primarily of ZnO and K. Pretreating the catalyst in a reductive environment similar to that given to the catalyst before reaction tests, causes an enrichment of the K promoter at the surface. The product stream composition does not significantly change during five days of testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019011408962
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of an Fe promoter on silica-supported Pt/SnO x catalysts used for low-temperature CO oxidation (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 31 (1995), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: CO oxidation ; platinized tin oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Silica-supported Pt/SnOx catalysts used for low-temperature CO oxidation have been prepared without and with an Fe promoter. Reaction studies demonstrate that the addition of the Fe promoter results in higher catalytic activity in the presence of 8 at% CO2 and a lower decay rate. Ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) has been used to examine the outermost atomic layers of the promoted and nonpromoted catalysts before and after activation by a reductive pretreatment. The nonpromoted catalyst exhibits agglomeration of the platinized tin oxide film exposing the catalytically inactive silica support. This agglomeration does not occur when Fe is present, and a large catalytically active surface area is maintained during the reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808827
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction and surface characterization study of Zn/Cr-based higher-alcohol synthesis catalysts X: Effects of excess promoter loading on surface chemistry (1999)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 67 (1999), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: K-promoted Zn/Cr spinel catalysts ; higher alcohol synthesis ; isobutanol ; methanol ; synthesis gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Promoter loading level significantly affects the catalytic behavior of Zn/Cr spinel higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) catalysts. In this study a 5.9 wt.% Pd-promoted Zn/Cr spinel with a 5 and 7 wt.% K promoter have been tested and compared. At 1500 psig and 400°C, the catalyst containing 5 wt.% K results in the production of slightly more butanol, less methanol and more hydrocarbons. Using ion scattering spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differences are found between the two catalyst surfaces which must be responsible for the differences in catalytic behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of promoters on the performance of Au/MnOx and Pt/SnOx/SiO2 low-temperature CO oxidation catalysts (1996)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 58 (1996), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Low-temperature CO oxidation ; promoters ; platinized tin oxide ; gold on manganese oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of promoters on Pt/SnOx/SiO2 and Au/MnOx low-temperature CO oxidation catalysts has been investigated under stoichiometric reaction conditions with no CO2 added to the feed gas. The performance of Pt/SnOx/SiO2 catalysts is improved significantly by the addition of 1 wt.% Fe but reduced by the addition of 5 wt.%Fe, 1 wt.% Sb, 5 wt.% Sb, 1 wt.% As, 5 wt.%As and 1.8 wt.% P. The performance of Au/MnOx is improved significantly by the addition of 1 at.% Ce but reduced by the addition of 1 at.% Co. For the catalysts and conditions examined, the Au/MnOx catalysts are superior to the Pt/SnOx/SiO2 catalysts with respect to both activity and decay characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02071100
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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