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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental variation in physical and chemical cues used by the parasitic wasp,Aphytis melinus, for host recognition (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphytis melinus ; Aonidiella aurantii ; kairomone ; O-caffeyoyltyrosine ; host recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract O-caffeoyltyrosine is a host recognition kairomone forAphytis melinus DeBach (Aphelinidae) found in the covers of its host, California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Diaspidae). This study tests the hypothesis that the concentration ofO-caffeoyltyrosine and scale cover size are reliable indicators of scale body size, an important component of host quality forA. melinus, over a range of scale rearing conditions. Both scale cover area andO-caffeoyltyrosine concentrations were only qualitatively related to scale body size during the third instar, the scale life stage most suitable forA. melinus. Scale cover area andO-caffeoyltyrosine concentrations were reduced, relative to scale body size, when scale were reared on bark and leaves compared to fruits. Scale cover area andO-caffeoyltyrosine concentration were also relatively reduced when scales were reared in mid-summer compared to spring and fall, and when reared on orange cultivars compared to lemon cultivars in the field. Finally, scale cover area andO-caffeoyltyrosine concentration were reduced when scale were reared at 52% compared to 100% humidity in the laboratory. Scales appear to be chemically conspicuous toA. melinus for a short period of the time in which they are physiologically susceptible. Scales that minimize their cover size and maximize the incorporation rate ofO-caffeoyltyrosine into covers may minimize their conspicuousness toA. melinus. Minimizing scale cover size, but not necessarily incorporation rates, may make scales more vulnerable to predators, however.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383544
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Priming Aphytis: behavioral modification of host selection by exposure to a synthetic contact kairomone (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphytis melinus ; kairomone ; O-caffeoyltyrosine ; host recognition ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The introduced parasitoid, Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), utilizes a kairomone, O-caffeoyltyrosine, to recognize California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Wasps used in augmentative release programs for California red scale on California citrus are reared on oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Homoptera: Diaspididae), themselves reared on squash. The goals of this study were: 1) to determine if long-term rearing on oleander scale had caused A. melinus to develop a preference for oleander scale, and 2) to determine if the preference of oleander-reared A. melinus for California red scale might be enhanced by exposing them to synthetic O-caffeoyltyrosine prior to release. Wasps that were removed from their hosts as pupae and allowed to emerge as adults isolated from their hosts retained a strong preference for California red scale regardless of rearing host. This preference was reduced if wasps were allowed to emerge from oleander scale, thus acquiring early adult experience with oleander scale. The preference for California red scale was restored, however, by exposing wasps reared on oleander scale to synthetic O-caffeoyltyrosine prior to bioassay. Exposure of A. melinus reared in commercial insectaries to O-caffeoyltyrosine prior to release may be a means to improve the effectiveness of such wasps in augmentative release programs to control California red scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193445
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased parasitization of California red scale in the field after exposing its parasitoid, Aphytis melinus, to a synthetic kairomone (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: O-caffeoyltyrosine ; host recognition ; learning ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The introduced parasitoid, Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), utilizes a kairomone, O-caffeoyltyrosine, to recognize California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Wasps used in augmentative release programs for California red scale on California citrus are reared on oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Homoptera: Diaspididae), themselves reared on squash. Previous laboratory studies demonstrated that wasps reared on oleander scale but exposed to O-caffeoyltyrosine before bioassay more readily accepted California red scale covers for probing than wasps reared similarly but not exposed to O-caffeoyltyrosine. The goal of this study was to determine if wasps reared on oleander scale but exposed to O-caffeoyltyrosine actually parasitized a greater number of field-reared California red scale than unconditioned wasps. In order to distinguish between progeny of conditioned and unconditioned wasps in the field, we utilized two A.melinus strains that carried different electrophoretically distinguishable alleles. In half of the releases, Strain ‘A’ was conditioned to O-caffeoyltyrosine and Strain ‘B’ served as the control, while this pattern of conditioning was reversed for the remaining releases. Although there were differences in the rates of population growth of the two strains, whichever strain was the conditioned strain left a greater than expected number of progeny compared to the control strain in all comparisons. Exposure of A. melinus reared in commercial insectaries to O-caffeoyltyrosine prior to release may be a means to improve the effectiveness of such wasps in augmentative release programs to control California red scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002910400320
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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