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  • hydrochloric acid  (6)
  • osmotic coefficients  (3)
  • ionization  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic coefficients and activity coefficients of lodic acid at high concentrations (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 3 (1974), S. 593-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficients ; iodic acid ; ionic equilibria ; isopiestic measurements ; osmotic coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isopiestic vapor pressure measurements have been used to determine the osmotic coefficients of aqueous solutions of iodic acid at molalities from 0.1 to 17 mole-kg−1 at 25°C. The isopiestic standards were solutions of sodium chloride and solutions of sulfuric acid. Because of the corrosive nature of iodic acid, platinum cups were used. Stoichiometric activity cofficients of iodic acid were derived by a Gibbs-Duhem integration. The activity coefficients for solutions of molality greater than 0.5 mole-kg−1 cannot be accounted for in terms of the two equilibria, namely, the acidic dissociation of iodic acid and formation of the ion H(IO3) 2 − , shown by Pethybridge and Prue to explain adequately the behavior in dilute solutions. The activity coefficient is unexpectedly small in concentrated solutions, suggesting the formation of neutral aggregates of iodic acid. The presence of dimers and tetramers, or alternatively trimers and tetramers, can explain the observed results up to a molality of 7 mole-kg−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of aqueous mixtures of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, and potassium sulfate at 25°C (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 1 (1972), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Excess free energy of mixing ; mixed salt solutions ; osmotic coefficients ; KCl ; K2SO4 ; NaCl ; Na2SO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, and potassium sulfate can be mixed in six ways to give ternary mixtures. Two of these have already been studied and results are now presented for the remaining four systems: H2O−NaCl−K2SO4, H2O−Na2SO4−K2SO4, H2O−KCl−Na2SO4, and H2O−KCl−K2SO4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028452
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvation equilibria in very concentrated electrolyte solutions (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 2 (1973), S. 173-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Calcium bromide ; calcium chloride ; hydration of ions ; hydrochloric acid ; lithium bromide ; lithium chloride ; osmotic coefficient ; perchloric acid ; potassium hydroxide ; sodium chloride ; sodium hydroxide ; solvation of ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A stepwise hydration-equilibrium model for aqueous electrolytes is developed and shown to give a good quantitative account of osmotic coefficients of strong, highly soluble electrolytes up to concentrations of 20–30 m. The main parameters needed are two equilibrium constants describing the stepwise hydration and the number of hydration sites. Choice of ion-size parameter has only a minor effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651972
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 6 (1977), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolytes ; mixed ; Harned coefficients ; hydrochloric acid ; mixed electrolyte solutions ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electromotive-force measurements of the cell $$Pt;H_2 \left( {g,1{\text{ }}atm} \right)|HCl\left( {{\text{m}}_A } \right),NaCl\left( {{\text{m}}_B } \right)|AgCl;Ag$$ have been made at temperatures between 5 and 45°C at values ofm A+m B of 0.1, 0.3809, 0.6729, and 0.8720 mole-kg−1. The activity coefficients of HCl in HCl/NaCl mixtures and the Harned coefficients α12 have been obtained. The change of α12 with total molality is consistent with the existence of binary interactions between H+ and Na+ ions. The linear variation of the relative partial molal heat content with the fraction of NaCl in the mixture suggests that an analog of the Harned rule exists for this thermodynamic quantity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in HCl/MgCl2 mixtures and HCl/NaCl/MgCl2 mixtures from 5 to 45°C (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolyte mixtures ; Harned coefficient ; hydrochloric acid ; ionic interactions ; magnesium chloride ; seawater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Magnesium, the dominant bivalent cation in natural seawater, exerts a substantial influence on the patterns of ion interactions in this saline medium. Mean activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid in mixtures of this acid with magnesium chloride at four ionic strengths, namelyI=0.1, 0.3809, 0.6729, and 0.8720 mole-kg−1, were obtained from emf measurements of cells without liquid junction at nine temperatures from 5 to 45°C. The three highest ionic strengths correspond to seawater of salinities 20, 35, and 45‰, respectively. In addition, mixtures of HCl, NaCl, and MgCl2 were studied atI=0.6729, the molal ratio of NaCl to MgCl2 being maintained at 7.202 as in natural seawater. The Harned coefficients α1 2 were found to decrease slowly with increase in temperature. The trace activity coefficient of HCl in solutions of MgCl2 as well as in NaCl MgCl2 mixtures was found to be nearly identical with that measured earlier in synthetic seawater of the same ionic strength but containing NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, and CaCl2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647736
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductance of tetraalkylammonium salts in propylene carbonate at 25°C (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 7 (1978), S. 631-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Association of ions ; conductivity ; dissociation ; ionization ; ion pairing ; nonaqueous solvents ; propylene carbonate ; solute-solvent effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Conductance measurements of 12 quaternary ammonium salts in propylene carbonate (PC) have been made at 25°C. The cations were either tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, or tetra-n-butylammonium, and the concentrations of salt varied from about 2×10−4 to 5×10−3 M. The data were analyzed by the equation of Pitts. The results showed that the benzoate, nitrobenzoate, and pentachlorophenolate salts are completely dissociated. The nitrophenolate, chlorophenolate, methylsulfonate, and nitrate salts are only slightly associated (K A from 2.5 to 6.5), while the acetate, phenylacetate, and nitrophenolate salts display somewhat more extensive association, with ionpair association constants from 17 to 45. Limiting molar conductances for the anions were derived. The factors affecting ionic mobilities in this dipolar aprotic solvent are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646040
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temperature variation of the Harned coefficient in the system HCl−NaCl (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolytes ; mixed ; Harned coefficient ; hydrochloric acid ; mixed electrolyte solutions ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Harned coefficient measures the effect of an added electrolyte on the activity coefficient of another electrolyte. It is composite, depending partly on properties of solutions containing only one electrolyte and partly on the magnitude of a coefficient characteristic of interaction between two like charged ions in the mixed electrolyte solution. From the meager data available, the latter coefficient depends little upon temperature. The consequences of assuming temperature independence are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647734
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The system H2O−HCl−NH4Cl at 25°C: A study of Harned's rule (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 3 (1974), S. 837-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; ammonium chloride ; Harned's rule ; hydrochloric acid ; mixtures of electrolytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electromotive-force measurements of cells containing hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride at constant total molality have been used to determine the variation of the logarithm of the activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid with change in the amount of ammonium chloride in the solution. The results are interpreted in the light of the recent work of Pitzer, and it is found that Harned's rule holds for both electrolytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute-solvent effects in the acidic dissociation of the ampholyte N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine (“tricine”) in 50 mass % methanol-water solvent (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 3 (1974), S. 905-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Acidic dissociation ; ampholyte dissociation ; dissociation constants ; ionization ; methanol-water solvents ; solute-solvent effects ; N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine (“tricine”) ; zwitterions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pK values for the two acidic dissociation steps of the ampholyte N-tris-(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine (“tricine”) in 50 mass % methanol-water solvent have been determined by emf measurements of cells of the type Pt|H2(g, 1 atm), tricine buffer, Br−, AgBr|Ag over the range 5 to 50°C (pK 1)and 5 to 60°C (pK 2).The standard thermodynamic quantities ΔHo, ΔSo, and ΔC p o for the two dissociation processes have been derived and are compared with the corresponding values for tricine and the parent glycine in water and with those for other acids in 50 mass % methanol-water solvent. Both tricine and protonated tricine become weaker acids when methanol is added to the aqueous solvent. It appears that a strong stabilization of the zwitterion in water is responsible for this behavior. This conclusion is supported by comparing the changes in entropy and heat capacity for the dissociation of tricine with the values of these quantities for the dissociation of “model” acids of simple structure, such as ammonium ion and acetic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647944
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardization of silver-silver chloride electrodes from 0 to 60°C (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 455-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; hydrochloric acid ; silver—silver chloride electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reference values of the activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid at intervals of 5°C from 0 to 60°C are proposed. With their use, interlaboratory differences among silver—silver chloride electrodes can be eliminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647735
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