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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conventional and living carbocationic polymerizations united. II. The conversion of conventional to living isobutylene polymerization by proton trap and a comprehensive closed-loop mechanism of proton trap mediated living polymerizationFor Part I of this series, see Reference 1. (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1675-1683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: isobutylene polymerization ; living carbocationic ; conventional carbocationic ; proton trap ; mechanism ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the proton trap, 2,6hyphen;di-tert-butylpyridine (DtBP), on the polymerization of isobutylene (IB) induced by the “HX”/TiCl4 (“HX” = protoic impurity) intiating system has been studied. Significantly, in the presence of a large (∼ 40 molar) excess of DtBP relative to “HX”, free proton-induced chain transfer-dominated conventional IB polymerization is converted to living polymerization. In the absence of the proton trap the kinetics are dominated by rapid proton-induced processs which overwhelm the relatively slower living polymerization. These investigations also led to a quantitative assessment of the concentration of initiating species: [“HX”] = 1.46 × 10-4 mol/L. The polymerizations are first-order in monomer and the apparent rate constants of propagation drop precipituously with increasing DtBP concentration until a constant low value is reached. The rate of formation of propagating living chains has been expressed quantitatively. Chain transfer is bimolecular and first order in monomer, and kinetic investigations led to a quantitative description of the effect of proton trap concentration on the apparent first order chain transfer constant. The results have been explained in terms of a simple mechanistic scheme. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1996.839
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Living carbocationic polymerization. LXII. Living polymerization of styrene, p-methylstyrene and p-chlorostyrene induced by the common ion effect (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3341-3347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: styrene polymerization ; p-chlorostyrene polymerization ; p-methylstyrene polymerization ; living carbocationic ; common ion effect ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of common anion producing salt, tetrabutylammonium chloride (n-Bu4NCl), on the livingness and kinetics of styrene (St), p-chlorostyrene (pClSt), and p-methylstyrene (pMeSt) polymerization initiated by the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 system has been investigated. Uncontrolled (conventional) carbocationic polymerization of St and p MeSt can be converted to living polymerization by the use of n-Bu4NCl. Under similar conditions the polymerization of p ClSt is living even in the absence of n-Bu4NCl, although the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the polymer becomes narrower in the presence of this salt. The apparent rates of polymerizations decrease in the presence of n-Bu4NCl in proportion with the concentration of the salt. The rate of living polymerization of p ClSt is noticeably lower than that of St, while that of p MeSt is higher. The apparent rate constants, kpA, of these polymerizations have been determined, and the effects of the electron donating p Me- and electron withdrawing p Cl-substituents relative to the rate of St polymerization have been analyzed. [For part LXI, see J. Si and J. P. Kennedy, Polym. Bull., 33, 651 (1994)]. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3341-3347, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel polyisobutylene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) bicomponent networks. I. Synthesis and characterization (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1891-1899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyisobutylene ; poly(dimethylsiloxane) ; hydrosilation ; bicomponent networks ; molecular weight between crosslinks ; network functionality ; sol fraction ; extractables ; model networks ; end-linking ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of novel polyisobutylene (PIB)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) bicomponent networks is described. The synthesis strategy (see Figure 1) was to prepare well-defined and -characterized allyl-tritelechelic polyisobutylenes [φ(PIB - C - C=C)3] and SiH-ditelechelic poly(dimethylsiloxanes) (HSi-PDMS-SiH) and then crosslink these moieties by hydrosilation. The φ(PIB - C - C=C)3 was prepared by living isobutylene polymerization followed by end-quenching with allyltrimethylsilane, whereas the HSi-PDMS-SiH was obtained by equilibrium polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane. The detailed structures of the starting polymers were characterized by GPC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A series of PIB/PDMS bicomponent networks of varying compositions and average molecular weights between crosslinks (Mc) of ∼ 20,000 g/mol were assembled. Optimum crosslinking conditions were defined in terms of H2PtCl6 catalyst concentration, nature of solvent, time, temperature, and stoichiometry of ∼ CH2CH=CH2/∼SiH groups, allowing for the convenient synthesis of well-defined model bicomponent networks. Swelling studies and elemental analysis confirm the correctness of the synthetic strategy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1891-1899, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel polyisobutylene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) bicomponent networks. II. Network structure and property characterization (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1901-1910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyisobutylene ; poly(dimethylsiloxane) ; bicomponent networks ; network structure ; molecular weight between crosslinks ; network properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first part of this series concerned the synthesis of novel polyisobutylene (PIB)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) bicomponent networks; the present paper concerns the structure and property characterization of a series of bicomponent networks of varying compositions (PIB wt %/PDMS wt % = 92/8, 70/30, 50/50, 35/65) having average molecular weights between crosslinks (Mc) of ˜ 20,000 g/mol. According to network structure analysis by uniaxial equilibrium stress-strain measurements, the experimental Mc's are in excellent agreement with theoretical values. Hydrosilation end-linking efficiency was quantitated by the amount of sol and functional group analysis by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR evidence indicates double-bond isomerization during hydrosilation. Network compositions by elemental analysis together with the low sol fractions indicate efficient crosslinking. These data suggest highly efficient network formation and well-defined bicomponent network structures. While PIB and PDMS showed Tg's at -72 and -124°C, respectively, the bicomponent network did not exhibit clearly discernible phase transitions. The heat stability of bicomponent networks increased slightly with increasing PDMS content showing initial (10%) degradation temperatures at ˜ 380°C in nitrogen and ˜ 320°C in air. Tensile strengths and elongations were dependent on composition and varied in the 0.6-3.8 MPa and 600-1100% ranges, respectively. The swelling behavior was not much affected by composition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1901-1910, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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