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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of hollow size of micron-sized monodispersed polymer particles having a hollow structure (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dynamic swelling method ; hollow ; micron-size ; monodisperse ; cross-linking ; seeded polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Micron-sized monodispersed cross-linked polymer particles having one hollow in the inside were produced by seeded polymerization for the dispersion of (toluene/divinylbenzene)-swollen PS particles prepared utilizing the dynamic swelling method which the authors proposed. In order to control the hollow size, the weight ratio of toluene/PS was changed in the range of 5∼20. The hollow size increased with an increase in the weight ratio. Even if benzene and xylene were used in place of toluene, similar hollow particles were produced, though the hollow size was affected by their solubility in water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652465
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of submicron-sized multihollow polymer particles by alkali/cooling method (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 801-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Multihollow particles ; emulsion polymerization ; morphology ; carboxyl group ; alkali swelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Submicron-sized styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer particles, which were produced by emulsion copolymerization, were changed to those having multihollow structure by treating stepwise the emulsion as follows. First alkali treatment was carried out at higher temperature than the glass transition temperature and subsequently the emulsion was cooled by keeping it at room temperature. This was named “alkali/cooling method”. The effects of methacrylic acid content, pH, time and temperature in the alkali treatment on the formation of multihollow structure were clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654677
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of molecular weight on the production of multi-hollow polymer particles by the alkalîcooling method (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 82-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Multi-hollow particle ; emulsion polymerization ; morphology ; carboxyl group ; alkali swelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of molecular weight, particle diameter and cooling condition on the formation of multi-hollow structure formed within submicron-sized styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer particles by the “alkali/cooling method” proposed by the authors were examined and the formation mechanism was proposed. The original particles were produced by emulsion copolymerization in the presence of n-octyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050055
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of multi-hollow polymer particles by the stepwise acid/alkali method (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 634-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Multi-hollow particles ; emulsion polymerization ; morphology ; acid swelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, we reported that multi-hollow polymer particles can be prepared from carboxylated polymer particles by the stepwise alkali/acid method. In this article, an attempt was made to prepare similar particles from acid-swellable polymer particles by the stepwise treatment with acid and alkali, which was named the stepwise acid/alkali method. The acid-swellable particles were produced by emulsion terpolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and dimethyl 2-amino ethyl methacrylate. The effects of initial pH value, temperature, and time in the acid and alkali treatment processes on the multi-hollow structure were examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050129
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of micron-sized monodispersed core/shell polymethyl methacrylate/polystyrene particles by seeded dispersion polymerization (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 797-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Composite polymer particles ; core/shell ; seeded dispersion polymerization ; morphology ; monodisperse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Micron-sized monodispersed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polystyrene (PS) (PMMA/PS=2/1, wt ratio) composite particles consisting of PMMA-core and PS-shell were successfully produced by seeded dispersion polymerization of styrene in a methanol/water medium in the presence of about 2 μm-sized monodispersed PMMA particles. From the view point of thermodynamic equilibrium, such a morphology is difficult to form by usual seeded polymerization in a polar medium such as water. It is concluded that seeded dispersion polymerization in which almost all monomers and initiators exist in the medium has an advantage to produce core/shell polymer particles in which polymer layers accumulate in their order of the production regardless of the hydrophobicity of polymers, because of high viscosity in polymerizing particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050150
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of micron-sized monodispersed highly monomer- “adsorbed” polymer particles having snow-man shape by utilizing the dynamic swelling method with tightly cross- linked seed particles (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 887-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic swelling method ; cross-linked polymer particles ; monomer adsorption ; micron-size ; monodisperse ; snow-man shape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Micron-sized, monodispersed highly styrene-“adsorbed” particles having snow-man shape were prepared by the dynamic swelling method (DSM) with tightly cross-linked polymer seed particles as follows. First, 3.8 μm-sized monodispersed polystyrene (PS)/ poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) (PS/PDVB = 1/10 wt. ratio) composite particles produced by seeded polymerization utilizing DSM were dispersed in an ethanol/water (6/4, w/w) solution dissolving styrene monomer, and poly(vinyl alcohol) as a stabilizer. Second, water was subsequently added to the dispersion with a micro-feeder at a rate of 2.88 ml/h at room temperature. The cross-linked seed particles adsorbed a large amount of styrene onto the surfaces and resulted in mono-dispersed highly styrene-“adsorbed” snow-man shape particles having about 10 μm in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050325
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic activity of trypsin adsorbed on temperature-sensitive composite polymer particles (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 883-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: temperature sensitive ; particle ; emulsion polymerization ; morphology ; adsorption ; enzyme ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two kinds of temperature-sensitive composite polymer particles were prepared by seeded emulsion copolymerizations of (dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with 0.14 μm-sized polystyrene and 0.26 μm-sized poly(methylmethacrylate) seed particles. To evaluate the usefulness as a carrier for biomolecules, the enzymatic activities of trypsin adsorbed on these two composite polymer particles were measured at temperatures above and below each lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In both cases, adsorbed trypsin retained its enzymatic activity during repeated adsorption/desorption measurements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 883-888, 1998
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of shell thickness on the temperature-sensitive property of core-shell composite polymer particles (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 3147-3153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: temperature-sensitive ; morphology ; core-shell ; swelling ; adsorption ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Core-shell composite polymer particles having temperature-sensitive shell were prepared by seeded emulsion copolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) with 0.14 μ-sized polystyrene seed particles according to our previous article. In this article, the effects of crosslinking density and thickness of the shell on the temperature-sensitive property were studied. Two series of composite particles, one with various EGDM contents in the shell and the other with various shell contents, were prepared for this study. The composite particles at the EGDM content of 3 wt % with the shell content of 47 wt %, showed the maximum swelling and deswelling phenomena at temperatures, respectively, below and above the lower critical solution temperature. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of low molecular weight cationic emulsifier and bio-molecules were dependent on the shell content. In almost all cases, the adsorption/desorption behavior reached to the maximum variations at the shell content of 17 wt %. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of micron-sized monodispersed polymer particles by seeded polymerization for the dispersion of highly monomer-swollen particles prepared with submicron-sized polymer seed particles utilizing the dynamic swelling method (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2513-2519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: dynamic swelling method ; particle ; monodisperse ; micron-size ; seeded polymerization ; emulsion polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the purpose of extending the size range of polymer seed particles used in “dynamic swelling method” (DSM), first it was verified theoretically that the submicron-sized polymer particles produced by emulsion polymerization can also absorb a large amount of monomer by DSM in both equilibrium and kinetic control states. Next, on the basis of the theoretical results, experimentally about 2.6 μm-sized styrene-swollen polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared utilizing DSM in the presence of 0.64 μm-sized monodispersed PS seed particles produced by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. Moreover, 2.5 μm-sized monodispersed PS particles were produced by the addition of cupric chloride as a water-soluble inhibitor to depress the by-production of submicron-sized PS particles in the seeded polymerization at 30°C with 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) initiator. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2513-2519, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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