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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cowpea ; flowering ; photoperiod ; stability analysis ; temperature ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), comprising landraces and varieties, were grown in 22 photothermal environments in Nigeria and Niger, West Africa, and a stability analysis of days from sowing to flowering (f) was carried out. Cowpeas are rarely insensitive to photoperiod; they are typically quantitative shortday plants wherein f is delayed when photoperiod (P) is longer than the critical photoperiod (P c ). Therefore, in order to quantify genotypic variation in temperature sensitivity, genotype f was regressed against the mean trial f in circumstances where P〈P c (i.e. approximately ≤ 13 hd-1) and mean temperature (T) was between 19° and 28° C. Correspondingly, in order to assess genotypic variation in photoperiod sensitivity, trials where T was near optimal (25°–28° C) but where P ranged from 10–14.5 hd-1 were used. These stability analyses detected no significant differences (P〉0.05) between genotypes 9n temperature sensitivity but revealed significant differences (P〈0.001) in photoperiod sensitivity. Regression coefficients from the stability analysis were strongly correlated (r=0.94, 19df) with a photoperiod sensitivity constant, c′, determined from a photothermal flowering model. A stability analysis of f from field trials can therefore identify and quantify genotypic variation in response to temperature and photoperiod in cowpea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: adaptation ; flowering ; photoperiod ; temperature ; germplasm ; characterisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Descriptor lists for the major cereals and grain legumes include information on the duration from sowing to flowering. This is because the first step towards maximizing crop yield by agronomic management or plant breeding is to ensure that the phenology of the crop is well matched to the resources and constraints of the production environment. In this context, durations from sowing to flowering are of critical importance if crops sown on the appropriate date and at the appropriate density are to have the potential to yield well in a given environment. In most annual crops, the timing of phenological events is modulated primarily by responsiveness to photoperiod and temperature with large differences in sensitivity among genotypes. Irrespective of the crop, many advantages accrue from analyses of these photothermal responses not in terms of the evaluation descriptor ‘time from sowing to flowering (f)’ but in terms of the ‘rate of progress towards flowering (1/f)’. A computer program RoDMoD has been developed to convert evaluation descriptors for times of flowering to characterisation descriptors of the flowering response of a genotype to photoperiod and temperature. The program and the associated phenological model were developed from research undertaken in controlled environments and then validated in the field over wide ranges of locations and seasons. These advances should contribute to the development of cultivars phenologically well adapted to their target environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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