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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; calcium ; manganese ; needles ; soil solution ; spruce ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil solution and needles of three mature spruce stands in Upper Austria were analysed in order to investigate the uptake and possible toxic effects of Mn and Al, as these two elements become highly mobilised in the soil due to increasing acidity. The Ca/Al molar ratio in the soil solution was below 0.2 in the most damaged stand during almost the whole vegetation period. Despite different dynamics, Al reaches almost identical values in all stands at the end of the vegetation period in both 1-year (current) and 2-year-old needles, respectively. Therefore, needle analysis is not a useful tool for estimation of free Al in the soil. Needle contents of other elements could provide a better information for understanding the forest decline. Mn in the needles correlates significantly with Mn concentrations in the soil solution. As soil Mn will be mobilised by acidic input, Mn needle content can increase to very high levels. Manganese distribution, its interaction with calcium, and possible toxic effects are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; magnesium ; nitrogen ; nitrogen saturation ; Norway spruce ; nutritional imbalance ; Picea abies ; soil solution ; sulphur/nitrogen ratio ; tree nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Differences in nitrogen cycling and in the nutrition of trees are significantly coupled to the levels of nitrogen input and to the nitrate levels in the soil solution. Relatively high nitrogen supply can cause unbalanced nutrition on sites which contain either low or moderate amounts of other nutrients. This is indicated by low cation/nitrogen ratios in foliage and also by the S/N ratio falling temporarily below 0.030.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; deficiency ; magnesium ; needles ; nutrition ; nutrient mobilisation ; potassium ; seasonal dynamics ; soil solution ; soil water ; spruce ; xylem sap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil solution, xylem sap and needles of mature trees were sampled in three spruce stands over one vegetation period and analysed for major cations. Investigations of nutrient distribution between these three pools and evaluations of seasonal dynamics give the following results: The highest nutrient concentrations in the xylem sap occur at the time of bud break and become gradually lower during the vegetation period. The trees show similar trends of xylem sap concentrations with time for potassium, calcium and magnesium regardless of the nutritional status of the plots. No coupling of xylem sap to soil solution composition can be observed in spite of a high variability of soil solution chemistry in time. The major cations in the current needles exhibit a significantly different trend with time. No time-based correlations for nutrient contents could be found for the needles from the previous year. Despite mobilisation of storage pools in the deficient stand, trees are not able to increase the Ca and Mg contents in the needles up to the level of the other stands. Potassium could be retranslocated in sufficient extent for nutrition of current needles. Due to seasonal variability and dependence upon internal processes, such as retranslocation and mobilisation of nutrients, xylem sap does not seem to be a good tool for the estimation of the nutritional status of forest sites. It was concluded that only minor transport into new foliage via xylem sap will proceed after nutrient flush during the bud break and the nutrient content in the new biomass will be governed by dilution due to biomass growth or by nutrient transport by other means than xylem sap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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