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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 749-755 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Gelatin ; surfactant ; octadecanoic acid ; dynamic behaviour ; monolayer ; radio-tracer technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Using the radio-tracer technique the dynamic behaviour of a14C-octadecanoicacid monolayer spread on a gelatin adsorption layer was investigated. The experimental set-up and conditions are given. It was shown that the dynamic behaviour significantly differs form that of a14C-octadecanoic-acid monolayer spread on a 10−2 M/dm3 HCl solution. The differences were explained on the basis of the ionic interactions of the octadecanoic acid monolayer with the gelatin. The aimed blocking of the ionic groups of the gelatin by means of an anionic (SDS) and a cationic (CTAB) surfactant lead to the result that the dynamic behaviour of the spread monolayer did not differ from that spread on a gelatin-free aqueous solution. So the addition of SDS and CTAB to the gelatin solution dependent upon the concentration used, leads to mixed surfactant/gelatin complexes or to the formation of a multilayer system consisting on an octadecanoic monolayer on the top of a gelatin-surfactant complex adsorption layer. The restriction of the interaction between the spread monolayer and the gelatin by both surfactants could be explained as the result of a sterical hindrance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 839-843 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Gelatin ; surfactant ; bindingisotherm ; surfactant-selectiveelectrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A surfactant-selective eletrode in which the membrane is an o-nitrotoluene phase containing a dissolved complex of cetyltrimethylammonium-dodecyl sulfate has been applied to investigations of the interaction between gelatin and alkyl sulfates as well as gelatin and alkyltrimethylammoniumions in dilute aqueous solutions. The binding isotherms were obtained by comparing emf-values obtained for surfactant in water to the electrode potentials in gelatin solutions plotted in terms of surfactant concentration. The binding of alkyl sulfates was measured as a function of pH at constant free surfactant concentration. At pH values ≥ 7 the degree of binding is indpendent of the pH of the solution. The level of binding of alkyl sulfates to gelatin increases strongly with increasing chain length of the alkyl sulfate. At pH values ≤ 6 the extent of binding increases steeply with decreasing pH. Octyl sulfate shows a very low level of binding even at low pH. Cationics show much weaker interactions with gelatin than anionic surfactants of comparable alkyl chain length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Gelatin ; surfactant ; bindingisotherm ; viscositycurves ; surfactantselectiveelectrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate and a hydrophilic color coupler anion to gelatin was investigated using a surfactant-selective electrode. The binding isotherms of the surfactants to an alkali-processed bone gelatin, as well as an acid-processed bone gelatin were determined and compared with viscosity data. The comparison shows that viscosity measurements can only be regarded as circumstantial evidence for binding. At nearly identical binding isotherms the viscosity curves were found to be very different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 827-832 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: gelatin ; surfactant ; complex formation ; molecular weight distribution ; surface tension ; surface rheology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstracts Adsorption layers of gelatin solutions with different weight averages and ash contents modified by the addition of surfactants (Na-dodecylsulfate, Hexadecyltri-methylammonium-bromide) were characterized by measuring the surface equilibrium tension and surface rheological creep curves. The surface tension isotherms of the gelatin system with a low ash content and a narrow distribution of the molecular weight shows a break at surfactant concentrations below the CMC. The strongly pronounced surface viscoplastic properties at this concentration point confirms the existence of a saturated adsorption layer, containing gelatin surfactant complexes of high surface activity. The constant surface tension and the slight decrease of surface viscosity with increasing surfactant concentration on the one hand refers to a complex formation with a discrete mechanism and on the other hand an expansion of the surface layer towards the bulk. At surfactant concentrations higher then the CMCs of the pure surfactants, surface tension values are obtained which agree with those of the pure surfactants connected with a simultaneous decrease of surface viscosity by some orders of magnitude. The results of the systems with a wide distribution of molecular weight and a small ash content show that the maximum binding capacity of the gelatin only negligibly depends on the distribution. In contrast the isotherms show characteristic changes of the formation of multiple equilibriums of complex with different surface activity. A high ash content causes a shift of the isotherms to lower surfactant concentrations. In the presence of a cationic surfactant in the concentration range of the plateau in theσ-log C — isotherm and at maximum surface viscosities a precipitation of insoluble complexes appears. The specific effect of a high ash content is that of an addition of a corresponding electrolyte.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Adsorptionsschichten tensidmodifizierter Gelatinelösungen verschiedener Molmasseverteilung und unterschiedlichen Aschegehaltes wurden durch Messung der Oberflächenspannung und oberflächenrheologischer Kriechdeformationskurven charakterisiert. Die Oberflächenspannungsisothermen der Gelatinesysteme mit geringem Aschegehalt und einer engen Molmasseverteilung weisen bei Tensidkonzentrationen unterhalb der CMC der ionogenen Tenside einen Knickpunkt auf. Die ausgeprägt viskoplastischen Eigenschaften der Phasengrenzschicht in diesem Bereich bestätigen die Existenz einer gesättigten Adsorptionsschicht, bestehend aus Gelatine-Tensid-Komplexen hoher Grenzflächenaktivität. Die Konstanz der Oberflächenspannung bei gleichzeitigen geringem Abfall der Ober-flächenviskosität bei weiterer Erhöhung der Tensidkonzentration weist einerseits auf die Komplexbildung nach einem diskreten Mechanismus und andererseits auf die Ausdehnung der Phasengrenzschicht in Bereiche der Subphase hin. Bei Tensidkonzentrationen oberhalb der CMC der Tenside erreicht die Oberflächenspannung Werte, die denen des gelatinefreien Tensidsystems entsprechen, verbunden mit einer Verringerung der Oberflächenviskosität um mehrere Größenordnungen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen der Systeme, welche eine Gelatine mit einer breiten Molmasseverteilung bei gleichzeitig geringem Aschegehalt beinhalten, zeigen, daß das maximale Bindungsvermögen der Gelatine von der Molmasseverteilung vernachlässigbar gering beeinflußt wird. Demgegenüber weisen die Oberflächenspannungsisothermen für die Ausbildung von Mehrfachgleichgewichten von Komplexen unterschiedlicher Grenflächenaktivität charakteristische Änderungen des Kurvenverlaufs auf. Ein hoher Aschegehalt bewirkt eine Verschiebung der Oberflächenspannungsisotherme zu geringeren Tensidkonzentrationen. Im Bereich des Plateaus der Oberflächenspannungsisotherme und der maximalen Oberflächenviskosität kommt es bei Anwesenheit eines kationogenen Tensids zu einer Fällung unlöslicher Komplexe. Die spezifische Wirkung des hohen Aschegehaltes entspricht der eines entsprechenden Elektrolytzusatzes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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