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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 781-787 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma culture ; monoclonal antibody production ; perfusion culture ; continuous culture ; cell cycle ; tangential filtration ; cell separation ; nuclepore membranes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to elucidate the hybridoma life cycle and the limiting factors in perfusion systems, we performed cultures in a stirred tank bioreactor, coupled to an external tangential flow filtration unit. Cell density and antibody production in perfusion were consistent with previous studies. The average life span of the cells (2.1-2.2 days), antibody, productivity per cell produced (30-38 mg/109 cells) and cell size diameter evolution appeared similar to values observed in batch cultures. These observations highly suggest a similar “grow or die” life cycle. Cell and antibody production, strictly related to the medium perfusion rate, seem to be under the control of the nutrient availability. A hypothesis to explain such a life cycle of hybridoma cells in perfusion systems and a model for viable and dead cell density is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 881-891 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: baculovirus ; recombinant proteins ; Sf-9 insect cells ; perfusion ; tangential filtration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A perfusion system based on a 4-L stirred tank bioreactor and a custom-designed tangential (cross-flow) filter was assembled to realize a scaleup of the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS). When perfused with 1 to 1.5 vol/day, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) insect cell cultures grew from 4 × 106 to 15 × 106 cells/mL over 3 to 4 days. The possibility of maintaining high specific production of recombinant VP6 protein (from bovine rotavirus) after baculovirus infection of the high-density cultures was then assessed. The process consisted of a growth phase in TNMFH + 10% FBS, followed by infection with Bac-BRV6L recombinant baculovirus and a shift to a low-serum (0 to 1%) medium for perfusion during the production phase. Multiple runs were executed, each including a battery of shaker flask controls at various cell densities and serum concentrations. On average, specific rVP6 production in the bioreactor amounted to 76% of that found in 20-mL shaker cultures simulatingthe bioreactor's high cell density, low serum concentration, and medium renewal rate. Mechanical stress generated by cell/medium separation in theperfusion process reduced cell growth rate but had minimal effect on rVP6production. Our results also indicated that serum concentration during the infection phase affected the rVP6 specific production in a cell density-dependent fashion. Although the feasibility of the cell density scale up was demonstrated, optimization is still needed to achieve a truly cost-effective process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma culture ; monoclonal antibody production ; perfusion culture ; tangential filtration ; cell separation ; Nucleopore membranes ; alginate beads ; hollowfiber bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of lgM production by hybridoma cells (1) cultured in suspension; (2) entrapped in alginate beads; or (3) packed in hollowfiber cartridge bioreactors, were compared in long-term perfusion cultures. The results showed that steady-state cell concentration and antibody production, per liter of perfused medium per day, were similar when cells were either entrapped in alginate beads of maintained in suspension. These values were also similar whether cells were maintained at high density in a hollowfiber cartridge bioreactro, or at low density in suspension. This work points out that cell behavior and antibody yield are comparable overall in the various perfusion systems currently used. However, a significant reduction of antibody production appeared whenever a part of the viable cells was lost in the filtrate. The reduction was due both to a decrease of viable cell yield and a decline of lgM productivity on a percell basis. This result is well in agreement with the previously presented model of “grow or die” cell cycle system of hybridoma, which proposes that the ratio of arrested to proliferating cells in perfusion cultures, should be increased in proportion to cell retention in the bioreactor, with a concomitant increase of lgM productivity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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