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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 2 (1880), S. 457-457 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 4 (1882), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 21 (1982), S. 415-418 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 23 (1884), S. 82-85 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 22 (1883), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 862-873 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Palladium-Catalyzed Telomerization of Isoprene with AlcoholsIsoprene and the three nucleophiles 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, benzyl alcohol, and furfuryl alcohol are converted in a palladium-catalyzed process into mixtures of terpenoic ethers. Ten telomers (1-4 and 5-7a,b) were isolated as the main products and characterized by their spectral data. With trifluoroethanol the tail-to-head linkage of the isoprene units was predominant; with the bulkier nucleophiles benzyl alcohol and furfuryl alcohol only the tail-to-tail coupling was observed. Palladium complexes with ligands of high basicity and small cone angles are active catalysts. In the telomerization with trifluoroethanol, arylphosphanes and alkyl phosphites as ligands at Pd gave the best yields of telomers; with benzyl alcohol and furfuryl alcohol, arylphosphanes and unbranched alkylphosphanes are the most active ligands. The product distribution could be controlled by catalyst, solvent, and reaction parameters. The highest yields of telomers were obtained at mild temperatures (70°C) and long reaction times (≍ 100 h). A mechanism based on bridged dinuclear palladium complexes is discussed.
    Notes: Isopren konnte durch Palladium-katalysierte Umsetzung mit den drei Nucleophilen 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol, Benzylalkohol und Furfurylalkohol in Gemische terpenoider Ether übergeführt werden. Als Hauptprodukte wurden zehn Telomere (1-4 und 5-7a, b) isoliert, deren Konstitution spektroskopisch ermittelt wurde. Mit Trifluorethanol trat bevorzugt eine Schwanz-Kopf-Verknüpfung der Isopren-Einheiten, mit Benzylalkohol und Furfurylalkohol ausschließlich Schwanz-Schwanz-Verknüpfung ein. Palladium-Komplexe mit Liganden hoher Basizität und niedriger Raumerfüllung erwiesen sich als aktive Katalysatoren. Bei der Telomerisation mit Trifluorethanol ergaben Arylphosphane und Alkylphosphite als Pd-Liganden die besten Ausbeuten; mit Benzylakohol und Furfurylalkohol waren Arylphosphane und unverzweigte Alkylphosphane die aktivsten Liganden. Die Produktverteilung konnte durch den Katalysator, das Lösungsmittel und die Reaktionsparameter gesteuert werden. Beste Telomerenausbeuten wurden bei milden Temperaturen (70°C) und langen Reaktionszeiten (≍ 100 h) erreicht. Ein Mechanismus wird diskutiert, in dem verbrückte zweikernige Palladium-Komplexe die aktive Zwischenstufe darstellen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 991-1015 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Possibilities of Controling Transition Metal-catalyzed Reactions of 1,3-Dienes with Carbon DioxideThe reaction of butadiene with carbon dioxide using homogeneous palladium, ruthenium, and nickel catalysts affords the C9-lactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (3) in yields up to 59%. In contrast, rhodium catalysts give rise to the formation of the C13-lactone 2-ethyl-2,4,9-undecatrien-4-olide (10) by connection of three molecules of butadiene with carbon dioxide. The C13-lactone can also be synthesized by the rhodium-catalyzed reaction of the C9-lactone with butadiene. - Trialkylphosphines containing a CHR2-group bound to the phosphorus and phosphorous or arsenic ylides proved to be extraordinarily effective and selective ligands in the synthesis of the C9-lactone. This effect is interpreted by an activation of carbon dioxide by means of the ligand. In the reaction of butadiene with CO2, allyl and carboxylate complexes of the transition metals are proposed to be the mechanistic intermediates. In fact, the carboxylate complex bis(2-ethylidene-4,6-heptadienoato)bis(triisopropylphosphane)palladium (22) was isolated by a stoichiometric reaction starting with the C9-lactone. This complex, of which the structure was determined by X-ray analysis, proved to be an excellent one-component catalyst in the reaction of butadiene and CO2. - Isoprene and piperylene can be linked up with butadiene and carbon dioxide yielding new δ-lactones (32, 34, 36). The insertion of carbon dioxide takes place at the allyl group which is formed by the butadiene.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Butadien mit Kohlendioxid führt bei Einsatz homogener Palladium-, Ruthenium- und Nickelkomplex-Katalysatoren in Ausbeuten bis zu 59% zum C9-Lacton 2-Ethyliden-6-hepten-5-olid (3). Mit Rhodiumkatalysatoren wird die Reaktion umgesteuert, und drei Moleküle Butadien verknüpfen sich mit Kohlendioxid unter Bildung des C13-Lactons 2-Ethyl-2,4,9-undecatrien-4-olid (10). Dieses C13-Lacton kann auch rhodiumkatalysiert aus dem C9-Lacton und Butadien hergestellt werden. - Bei der C9-Lacton-Synthese werden die herausragenden Steuerungseigenschaften der Trialkylphosphane mit CHR2-Substituenten am Phosphor über eine Aktivierung des Kohlendioxids durch den Liganden interpretiert. Eine analoge Aktivierung wird bei Zusatz von Phosphor- und Arsen-Ylidliganden beobachtet. Als mechanistische Zwischenstufen der Butadien/CO2-Reaktion werden Übergangsmetall-Allyl- und Carboxylat-Spezies angenommen. Ausgehend vom C9-Lacton konnte ein Carboxylat-Komplex, Bis(2-ethyliden-4,6-heptadienoato)bis(triisopropylphosphan)palladium (22), isoliert und durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse vermessen werden. Dieser Komplex ist gleichzeitig ein guter Einkomponentenkatalysator für die Butadien-CO2-Reaktion. - Isopren bzw. Piperylen können gemeinsam mit Butadien und Kohlendioxid zu δ-Lactonen (32, 34, 36), verknüpft werden. Die Insertion des Kohlendioxids erfolgt dabei jeweils in die Allylgruppe, die sich aus dem Butadien bildet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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