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  • 11
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nitrogen in version rate of an amine may be brought to within the NMR time-scale by use of an acidic medium of variable pH, in which it is almost completely prevented through protonation. Rigorous equations are derived for computing this rate from the mean lifetime of the ammonium cation determined by NMR spectroscopy. The validity of Saunders and Yamada's approximate formula is discussed: the protonation rate of the amine must be far larger than its nitrogen inversion rate, while the rate at which the salt loses its acidic proton is immaterial. If in version occurs between two different isomers, the equilibrium ratio of the isomeric cations is also derived.
    Notes: L'inversion de l'azote pyramidal d'une amine peut ětre ralentie, de manière calculable, par une protonation presque totale dans un milieu d'acidité variable. Un traitement théorique complet permet de calculer sa vitesse à partir de la durée de vie moyenne du sel d'ammonium déterminée par résonance magnétique nucléaire. On peut ainsi fixer les conditions de validité de la formule approchée de Saunders et Yamada: la vitesse de protonation de l'amine doit ětre largement supérieure à la vitesse d'inversion; la vitesse de déprotonation du sel d'ammonium peut, par contre, ětre quelconque. Au cas où l'in version se produit entre deux molécules isomères différentes, ce traitement fournit également le rapport, à l'équilibre, des concentrations des sels isomères correspondants.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 16 (1981), S. 98-102 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 chemical shifts, spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancement factors are reported for five polyfluoroaromatic compounds at 28°C. In all cases the relaxation of the fluorine bearing carbon is predominantly dipolar. Effective correlation times are smaller than those of the analogous benzene derivatives by a factor of 3-4, in qualitative agreement with predictions from the Stokes-Einstein diffusion theory. The T1 values for the para-carbon of monosubstituted fluorobenzenes is clearly shorter than the T1 values for the ortho- and meta-carbons. This phenomenon was traced to anisotropic tumbling, and D∥ and D⊥ diffusion coefficients were computed using Woessner's equations for molecules assumed to behave like symmetric rotors about their C2 in-plane principal symmetry axis. Equal tumbling ratios, D∥/D⊥, were found in this way for toluene and perfluorotoluene.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 17 (1981), S. 28-36 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hydroxyl protons of 23 monosaccharides in their pyranoid from (α or β) are examined by proton NMR at 250 MHz in DMSO-d6 solutions. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in sugar anions seems to be the major factor in accounting for the lack of parallelism between the pK values and the chemical shifts of the anomeric protons. Another important factor is the possibility of steric hindrance to the solvation of the acidic hydroxyls by the basic DMSO solvent molecules. Equatorial hydroxyls have, as a general rule, lower field chemical shifts (with some exceptions) and larger vicinal H—O—C—H coupling constants, 3J, than axial hydroxyls. Moreover, equatorial hydroxyls are sensitive to the equatorial or axial position of their neighbours, in sharp contrast with axial hydroxyls. Long-range 4J couplings are observed whenever a zig-zag arrangement but a necessary condition is a simultaneous axial position of the O—H and C—H bonds in the above fragment. In this case, the combined use of vicinal (Karplus-type equation) and long-range coupling constants allows the description of the stereochemistry of the OH bond in a semiquantitative fashion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C ; T1ρ experiments ; Attenuation of spin-spin effects ; Multipulse proton homonuclear decoupling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In crystalline polyoxymethylene, a system with tightly coupled protons, it is shown experimentally that the averaging of the dipolar local field of protons by multipulse proton homonuclear decoupling leads to a decrease in the spin-spin contribution to the 13C rotating frame relaxation rate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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