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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 41 (1990), S. 748 
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 156 (1988), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 201 (1992), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 185-189 (1991), S. 2121-2122 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 257 (1976), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 100 gesunden Personen wurde überprüft, ob zwischen in vitro-Stimulierbarkeit der Lymphocyten (3H-Thymidin-Einbau im Lymphocytentransformationstest) mit Phytohämagglutinin, Pokeweed Mitogen und Concanavalin A und der in vivo-Reagibilität auf intracutane Phytohämagglutininapplikation (gemessen am mittleren Infiltratdurchmesser) eine Korrelation besteht. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, ob diese beiden Parameter in bezug zur Reaktion auf die spezifischen Antigene Trichophytin, Candidin und Streptokinase-Streptodornase (positiv oder negativ reagierend) stehen. 1. Zwischen in vitro-Stimulierbarkeit der Lymphocyten mit Phytohämagglutinin, Pokeweed Mitogen und Concanavalin A und mittlerem Infiltratdurchmesser nach intracutaner Gabe von 2 µg Phytohämagglutinin besteht bei Normalpersonen eine gute qualitative Korrelation. Bei Verwendung niedrigerer Phytohämagglutinindosen fehlt diese Korrelation. Eine quantitative Korrelation des Infiltratdurchmessers mit der Phytohämagglutinin- und Pokeweed Mitogen-Stimulierbarkeit läßt sich nicht nachweisen. Für Concanavalin A findet sich eine negative Korrelation auf dem 99%-Signifikanzniveau. 2. Die in vivo-Reagibilität auf Phytohämagglutinin unterscheidet sich bei Personen mit negativen und positiven Reaktionen auf die spezifischen Antigene nicht. 3. Die Stimulierbarkeit mit Phytohämagglutinin, Pokeweed Mitogen und Concanavalin A der Lymphocyten von Personen mit positiven Reaktionen auf Trichophytin, Candidin und Streptokinase-Streptodornase liegt signifikant über der von Probanden mit negativen Reaktionen. 4. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß die in vivo-Phytohämagglutinin-Testung eine gute Screening-Methode zur Beurteilung der cellulären Immun-Reaktivität darstellt. Die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode zur Differenzierung von Immundefekten (vom T-Zell-Typ) erfordert noch weitere Untersuchungen.
    Notes: Summary 100 healthy persons were investigated to find out whether there is a correlation between a lymphocyte stimulation (3H-thymidine incorporation in the lymphocyte transformation test) with phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A and the in vivo reactivity to intracutaneous phytohaemagglutinin application (measured as medium diameter of infiltrates). Further we searched for an influence of positive or negative reactivity to the specific antigens trichophytin, candidin and streptokinase-streptodornase. 1. There is a good qualitative correlation in normal persons between in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A and the medium diameter of infiltrates after intracutaneous application of 2 µg phytohaemagglutinin. Using lower doses of phytohaemagglutinin no such correlation could be found. A quantitative correlation between the medium diameter of infiltrates and lymphocyte transformation by phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen cannot be demonstrated. For concanavalin A there is a negative correlation significant at the 99% level. 2. In vivo reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin does not differ in persons with negative and positive reactions to the specific antigens. 3. Lymphocyte stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A of persons with positive reactions to trichophytin, candidin and streptokinase-streptodornase is significantly greater than in those with negative reactivity. 4. The results indicate in vivo phytohaemagglutinin testing as a good screening method to judge cell-mediated immunocompetence. The general applicability for differentiation of immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients is to be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sputtering of solid surfaces by using a focused ion beam is the basis for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS). The ion bombardment initiates not only redistribution of sample atoms but also massive changes in the surface and near surface composition of the bombarded area due to the sputter process and implantation of the primary ions. Changes in the matrix-composition affects the secondary ion yields and therefore a steady state (sputter equilibrium) has to be reached before SIMS data can give quantifiable results. SNMS is much less affected by those yield effects and therefore a combination of SIMS and SNMS can establish a basis for interpretation of SIMS data before the steady state is reached. In order to determine the effects of primary ion incorporation, we applied different primary ion species successively to generate different equilibria. An oxygen ion beam oxidizes the sample surface and by using a rare gas primary ion (PI) this oxide can be removed and analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 122-126 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of minor Ti additions content (0% Ti, 0.4% Ti, 1% Ti, 2% Ti) on the oxidation behaviour of Ni-20Cr-10Al-0.4Y (in weight-%) model alloys was investigated in the temperature range 950° C to 1100° C up to 200 h in Ar – 20% O2. Alloy microstructure, oxide scale morphology and microstructure of the scale were characterized by SEM/EDX and TEM. The growth mechanisms of the alumina scales formed on the model alloys were studied by two-stage oxidation experiments with 18O2-tracer and subsequent SNMS-analyses. The microstructural observations were correlated with the oxide scale properties in respect to growth rates and spalling resistance, which was tested during cyclic oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract SNMS (sputtered neutrals mass spectrometry) and SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) are used for the depth profile analysis of thin film solar cells based on amorphous silicon. In order to enhance depth resolution, model systems are analyzed only representing parts of the layered system. Results concerning the TCO (transparent conducting oxide)/p interface and the n/i interface are presented. To minimize matrix effects, SNMS is used when the sample consists of layers with different matrices. Examples are the TCO/p interface (where the transition lengths of the depth profiles are found to be sharper when ZnO is used as TCO compared to SnO2) and SnO2/ZnO interfaces in coated TCO layers (where a Sn contamination inside the ZnO layer is found depending on the plasma pressure during the ZnO deposition). SIMS is used when the limits of detection reached by SNMS are not sufficient. Examples are H depth profiles in ZnO layers or P depth profiles near the n/i-interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of an epitaxial 20 nm thick CoSi2 layer on the diffusion of B and Sb in Si is investigated during oxidation and is compared to thermal diffusion in Si. B and Sb doping superlattices (DSLs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). They consisted of six spikes with peak concentrations of about 1018 cm–3 (B) and about 1019 cm–3 (Sb) and peak centres spaced 100 nm apart. The shallowest spike was capped with 100 nm of Si followed by 20 nm of CoSi2 grown by molecular beam allotaxy (MBA). Oxidation in dry O2 and annealing in pure N2 were performed at temperatures of 800 °C to 1200 °C. Concentration depth profiles were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The results showed that the diffusion of B and Sb in Si was markedly different for specimens with or without a CoSi2 layer. Oxidation enhanced diffusion (OED) of B and oxidation retarded diffusion (ORD) of Sb was observed for specimens without a CoSi2 layer. The effect of CoSi2 layer was a strong retardation of B diffusion and an enhancement of Sb diffusion. The B diffusivity was retarded by a factor of 2–10 as compared to the thermal diffusivity and by a factor of 20–100 as compared to the corresponding diffusivity for oxidation of Si without a CoSi2 layer. Sb diffusivity was enhanced by a factor of 2 with respect to thermal diffusivity and by about a factor of 5 as compared to the case without a CoSi2 layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract For the quantification of heterostructure depth profiles the knowledge of relative sensitivity factors (RSF) and the influence of matrix effects on the measured profiles is necessary. Matrix dependencies of the measured ion intensities have been investigated for sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) and MCs+-SIMS. The use of Cs as primary ions for SNMS is advantageous compared to Ar because the depth resolution is improved without changing RSFs determined under Ar bombardment. No significant amount of molecules has been found in the SNMS spectra under Cs bombardment. Using MCs+-SIMS the RSFs are matrix dependent. An improvement of depth resolution can be achieved by biasing the sample against the primary ion beam for SNMS due to a reduction of the net energy of the primary ions and a resulting more gracing impact angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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