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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; 2-deoxy-(1-14C) glucose technique ; Metabolic activity ; Serotonin ; Luteinizing hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A semi-quantitative analysis of 2-deoxy-(1-14C) glucose (2 DG) incorporation in the supra-chiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was performed in male, castrated female, and castrated oestradiol treated female rats (OVX-E2) during the light period (from 9.00 h to 18.00 h). Unilateral orbital enucleation was carried out on each group. In males and castrated females the 2 DG incorporation in the rostral and caudal SCN was constant throughout the studied period. On the contrary, in OVX-E2 rats, which display a clear cut circadian rhythm of LH secretion, the 2 DG incorporation in the rostral SCN was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. After serotonin (5 HT) depletion, the level of morning labelling reached that of the afternoon. These results suggest the existence of a steroid-linked rhythm of SCN metabolic activity during the light period which might be related to the LH surge and dependent on 5 HT innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Avian pineal ; SRP cells ; Serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of 5-hydroxytryptophan (3H-5-HTP) and serotonin (3H-5-HT) and their distribution have been demonstrated, at the ultrastructural level, in the secretory rudimentary photoreceptor cells (SRP cells), in the pineal organ of the parakeet and the duck. In vivo experiments. When the parakeets were injected with 3H-5-HTP alone or pretreated with drugs interfering with monoamine metabolism (e.g. R04-4602, nialamide) prior to injection of the label, the SRP cells always exhibited specific radioautographic reactions, in the regions of the dense secretory granules of the cell body and asynaptic pedicles. The labeling concentration varied quantitatively with time (interval between injection of the label and sacrifice) and drugs used. In vitro experiments. The uptake of 3H-5-HTP and 3H-5-HT in the pineal organ of the duck has also been studied, using an incubation procedure. The results with the two precursors confirmed those obtained “in vivo” with the parakeet. From these results it is suggested that the uptake of precursors in some compartments of SRP cells is qualitatively independent of: a) the experimental period (experiments performed in winter, spring, and summer; uptake of precursors between 11.00 a.m. and 12.00) b) the precursor (3H-5-HTP or 3H-5-HT) c) the observation times. It is concluded that the SRP cell, an important step in the cytological and functional evolution of the pineal organ (Collin, 1969, 1971), is responsible for the synthesis of 5-HT. The metabolism of 5-HT seems also possible in such cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0163-1047
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 241-243 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As serotonergic neurones are able to take up and retain selectively endogenous or exogenous 5?HT, we have used 3H?5?HT to demonstrate by radioautography9 serotonergic, or more generally, indolaminergic neurones in the ME of three species; the duck (Pekin), the rat (Wistar) and the macaque (Macaca ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 300-302 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: GABA ; immunocytochemistry ; anterior pituitary ; neuroendocrine control ; teleost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior pituitary of teleosts is unique among vertebrates in receiving a direct innervation which represents the morphological support of the neuroendocrine control of pars distalis functions. The participation of GABAergic fibers in this innervation was studied by means of immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels, using antibodies against GABA. Immunoreactive fibers, characterized by the presence of small clear and dense cored vesicles, were detected in all parts of the gland. Immunopositive terminals were found in close, sometimes synaptic-like, contact with most glandular cell types in the anterior lobe. The data strongly suggest that in teleosts, as in mammals, GABA is involved in the neuroendocrine control of anterior pituitary functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 1038-1039 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioautography shows that3H 5-HT specifically labels metacerebral and 2 other serotonergic cell bodies inAplysia cerebroid ganglia as well as 5-HT terminals in close contact with giant neuronemembrane in buccal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 111 (1970), S. 316-345 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Histophysiology of median eminence ; Avian neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effets de l'adénohypophysectomie et de diverses sollicitations de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophysio-corticosurrénalien sur l'ultrastructure de l'Eminence Médiane (E.M.) ont été étudiés chez le Pigeon. 1. Chez le Pigeon entier, l'Eminence Médiane Caudale (E.M.C.) se distingue de l'Eminence Médiane Rostrale (E.M.R.) essentiellement par l'absence dans les deux couches les plus externes (couches palissadique et superficielle) de l'E.M.C. de granules de gros calibres (1600 à 1900 Å), la rareté de granules de diamètre moyen (1200–1400 Å) et la prédominance de petites vésicules à cœur dense de 600–800 Å. 2. La préhypophysectomie entraine: a) dans l'E.M.R. la quasi disparition de granulations dans les deux couches externes; b) dans l'E.M.C. la ≪vidange≫ de nombreux axones, mais un enrichissement relatif, parmi les granulations restantes, des granulations de gros calibre (1600–1900 Å) aux dépens des granules de plus petit calibre. 3. Un shock insulinique entraine des modifications du même ordre: a) déplétion des granules denses, limitée dans ce cas à la portion la plus antérieure des deux couches externes de l'E.M.R.; b) enrichissement relatif des granulations de moyen (1200–1400 Å) et de gros (1600–1900 Å) calibre dans l'E.M.C. avec, en plus dans l'E.M.C., un enrichissement en vésicules de type synaptique. 4. Un traitement à la métopirone produit un accroissement du nombre des granulations de moyen (1200–1400 Å) calibre dans les couches externes de l'E.M.R. et de l'E.M.C., et un enrichissement important de l'E.M.C. en vésicules de type synaptique. 5. Le traitement à la prednisolone conduit à un enrichissement très marqué des couches externes de l'E.M.R. en grains de 1200–1400 Å, et à un enrichissement des couches externes de l'E.M.C. en granulations de 1000 Å. Ces résultats sont discutés dans la perspective des régulations hypothalamo-corticotropes, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les granules de 1200–1400 Å.
    Notes: Summary The effects of adenohypophysectomy, and of several experimental interventions on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis have been studied in relation to the fine structure of the median eminence in the pigeon. 1. In control animals, the following morphological features of the caudal median eminence (C.M.E.) distinguish it from the rostral median eminence (R.M.E.): a) the absence in both external layers of the C.M.E. of large (1,600–1,900 Å) electron-dense granules, b) the presence in the C.M.E. of a small number of medium-size (1,200–1,400 Å) granules, and c) the predominance in the C.M.E. of small (600–800 Å) dense-core vesicles. 2. Adenohypophysectomy leads to: a) almost complete disappearance of electron-dense granules in both external layers of the R.M.E., and b) “emptying” of numerous axons and a relative increase in the number of large (1,600–1,900 Å) granules in the C.M.E. 3. Insulin shock produces modifications similar to those of adenohypophysectomy. The depletion of electron-dense granules from the axons is, however, restricted to the most anterior part of the R.M.E., and, in the C.M.E., the relative increase in the number of larger granules affects the 1,200–1,400 Å and the 1,600–1,900 Å size granules. 4. Metopirone enhances the number of medium-size (1,200–1,400 Å) granules in the external layers of both the R.M.E. and the C.M.E. and causes a significant increase in the number of synaptic-like vesicles in the C.M.E. 5. Prednisolone treatment leads to a marked enrichment of the external layers of the R.M.E. with 1,200–1,400 Å granules, and of the external layers of the C.M.E. with 1,000 Å granules. These results have been discussed with special reference to the hypothalamic control of the adrenocorticotropic function, especially reviewing the role of the 1,200–1,400 Å granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 503-522 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Birds ; Monoaminergic innervation ; Radioautography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans l'Eminence Médiane du Canard, la Noradrénaline et la Dopamine tritiées sont captées et retenues auniveau de la zone interne et en périphérie des vaisseaux portes hypophysaires. Cette rétention, observée par radioautographie après incubation in-vitro ou injection intraventriculaire des médiateurs, est considérablement diminuée par la réserpine. Une ou deux injections intraventriculaires de 6-Hydroxy-Dopamine laissent subsister quelques fibres capables de capter la Noradrénaline-3H. Après trois injections de 6-Hydroxy-Dopamine, on n'observe plus aucune incorporation du médiateur. Ces données radioautographiques et pharmacologiques attestent que les fibres de la zone interne de l'Eminence Médiane, qui captent la Noradrénaline et ses précurseurs et qui sont détruites par la 6-Hydroxy-Dopamine, sont de nature catécholaminergique. En microscopie électronique, on constate que les fibres marquées contiennent des vésicules de types divers avec fréquemment un coeur dense excentré. Ces fibres présentent des contacts synaptiques avec des dendrites ou péricaryons neuronaux qui ne retiennent pas le traceur et qui reçoivent également d'autres afférences synaptiques non marquées. Ce fait permet d'établir que les neurones infundibulaires présents dans l'Eminence Médiane sont susceptibles d'une régulation mettant en jeu des catécholamines et d'autres types de neurotransmetteurs.
    Notes: Summary When3H-norepinephrine or3H-dopamine are given to the median eminence of the Duck after an injection into the IIIrd ventricle or afterin vitro incubation, an intense and preferential accumulation of the tracer is observed in the internal zone and in the vicinity of the primary portal vessels. The amount of labeled catecholamines in the median eminence is greatly diminished by reserpine. After one or two injections of 6-hydroxy-dopamine into the third ventricle followed by application of3H-norepinephrine, only a few fibers are labeled; after three injections of this drug, nearly no uptake of3H-norepinephrine is seen. This radioautographic and pharmacological approach indicates that the axons of the internal zone of the median eminence, which are able to take up and store labeled norepinephrine and its precursors and which are destroyed by 6-hydroxy-dopamine, are catecholaminergic. The ultrastructural examination of the internal zone shows that the label is confined to axonal varicosities containing various types of vesicles possessing frequently an eccentric core. The labeled axonal varicosities were found in synaptic contact with unlabeled dendrites and also with unlabeled perikarya. The postsynaptic structures which receive labeled presynaptic axons display also synaptic contacts with other unlabeled axons. This fact suggests that neurons of the median eminence are probably modulated by catecholamines and other neurotransmitters either on their dendrites and even on their soma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 64-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Avian neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude ultra-structurale de l'éminence médiane (E.M.) du Canard, réalisée à l'aide d'une fixation par perfusion intracarotidienne fait apparaître plusieurs traits saillants particulièrement remarquables: a) Dans la couche sous-épendymaire, l'existence de neurones infundibulaires dispersés, de fibres parfois dilatées renfermant des granulations à cœur dense, et de vaisseaux structuralement aptes à drainer des sécrétions. b) Dans la couche fibreuse, la présence d'axones appartenant au faisceau hypothalamopost-hypophysaire, dont les granulations semblent se différencier comme dans la Pars Nervosa. c) Dans la couche palissadique l'existence de trois types de fibres neurosécrétoires au moins: Type 1: Granulations comprises entre 1100 et 1600 Å (avec une subdivision possible: 1100–1300 et 1300–1600 Å), associées éventuellement à des vésicules de 400–600 Å. Type 2: Granulations ≦1000 Å (pouvant être également subdivisées en deux catégories: 800 Å et 1000 Å), avec généralement de nombreuses vésicules de 400 à 600 Å. Type 3: Vésicules de 400 à 600 Å, sans granulations. La différence entre les régions rostrale et caudale de l'E.M. est due essentiellement à une variation dans les proportions relatives de ces différentes catégories axonales, le type 1 étant plus abondant dans la région antérieure, et le type 2 dans la postérieure.
    Notes: Summary Ultra-structural studies, performed after fixation by intracarotidal perfusion, have revealed some peculiar features in the duck median eminence (M.E.): a) Within the subependymal layer, there were scattered neurons belonging to the nucleus infundibularis, axons and varicosities with dense core granules, and capillaries with structural characteristics similar to those in the superficial layer; b) Within the fiber layer, were seen the axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract, with granules showing the same differentiation as found within the pars nervosa; c) Within the palisade layer, there was evidence for at least three main types of neurosecretory axons: Type 1 axons, containing granules ranging from 1,100 to 1,600 Å (with a possible subdivision into 1,100–1,300 Å and 1,300–1,600 Å), possibly associated with 400–600 Å vesicles. Type 2 axons, including granules ≦1,000 Å (with a possible subdivision into 800 and 1,000 Å), associated with numerous 400–600 Å vesicles. Type 3 axons, containing 400–600 Å vesicles, but without dense granules. At the ultrastructural level, the main difference between the rostral and caudal M.E. essentially lies in the relative percentage of these 3 axon types. Type 1 axons were found to be more numerous within the anterior M.E., whereas Type 2 axons were more abundant in the caudal region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian median eminence ; Noradrenergic innervation ; Microspectrofluorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The median eminence of duck, following freeze-drying and formaldehyde treatment (method of Falck-Hillarp), revealed within the subependymal layer of the internal zone a plexus of green fluorescent nerve fibers that encircled scattered neurons which apparently belong to the basal infundibular (tuberal) nucleus. Scarce fluorescent structures accompanied by a diffuse weak fluorescent reaction were seen in the reticular and palisade layers of the external zone. Fluorescent sympathetic fibers surrounded primary portal vessels in the perivascular space. Microspectrofluorimetric analysis revealed the presence of catecholamines in all fibers measured. After HCl treatment, the modifications of the excitation spectra indicated that the fibers in the subependymal layer of the inner median eminence contained noradrenaline. Dopaminergic fibers were not found in this region. The fluorescent contents of noradrenergic fibers was depleted by reserpine. After inhibition of dopamine-β-hydroxylase by FLA 63, some dopamine could be demonstrated in these noradrenergic fibers. After three successive intraventricular injections of 6-OH-dopamine their fluorescent contents disappeared. However, three months after this treatment some green fluorescent fibers were again seen in this location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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