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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunization of foxes against rabies with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 102 (1988), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Foxes were vaccinated orally (by bait), gastrically (by stomach tube) and by sacrification with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein. Neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus were detected at two weeks postvaccination in 8/8 foxes in the bait-fed group, in 3/6 foxes inoculated by stomach tube and in 2/2 of the scarified foxes. After challenge at three months postvaccination with street rabies virus, all foxes that had developed antibodies were protected. The high rate of seroconversion, high levels of antibodies, and resistance to challenge suggest that this recombinant virus might be a suitable vaccine for oral immunization of foxes against rabies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310835
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jansen type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteochondrodysplasia ; Metaphyseal dysplasia ; Metaphysis ; Spine ; Short stature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Metaphyseal dysplasia, type Jansen (JMD), is a rare skeletal dysplasia with characteristic radiographic abnormalities. Of the various types of metaphyseal dysplasia, JMD shows the most severe alteration in metaphyseal architecture. All of the long tubular bones, including those of the hands and feet, show metaphyseal irregularity with a fragmented appearance and slight widening. The adjacent physes are abnormally widened, while the epiphyses tend to be slightly enlarged, rounded but otherwise normal. The spine in infancy and childhood usually appears normal. This report describes a young girl with metaphyseal changes typical of JMD except for the hands and feet, which appeared normal. She also showed very unusual abnormalities of the spine. This appears, therefore, to represent a unique osteochondrodysplasia for which we propose the term spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, type Jansen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050601
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper extremity and rib stress fractures in a child (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Stress fracture ; Acromion ; Clavicle ; Rib ; Tic ; Nervous disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Stress fractures in children are rare compared with the incidence in adults. This report describes an 11-year-old girl with stress fractures of the acromion, clavicle, and first rib on the left and contralateral fractures of the first and second ribs. It was eventually discovered that these fractures were caused by a nervous tic consisting of repetitive, vigorous shrugging and translation of the shoulders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050408
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid phosphatase activity in soleus and plantaris muscle fibres of normal and dystrophic hamsters (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 580-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of acid phosphatase in skeletal muscle fibres of the plantaris and soleus of normal and dystrophic male hamsters was quantified using a histochemical post-coupling semipermeable membrane technique. Althoug the absolute levels of activity were found to vary widely from one animal to another, the ratio of the mean activities in the two muscles in each animal was virtually constant. In normal muscles, the ratio was about 0.73 and in dystrophic muscles, about 0.77. The activity in plantaris muscle fibres was always significantly lower than that in the corresponding soleus fibres, and in normal fibres compared to dystrophic ones. Another difference was that in normal fibres the mean activity declined to a constant level in mature animals older than about 3 months. In contrast, the activity in dystrophic muscles appeared to fall exponentially throughout life. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482995
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative histochemical investigation of semipermeable membrane techniques for the assay of acid phosphatase in skeletal muscle (1982)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 74 (1982), S. 367-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A post-coupling semipermeable membrane technique for determining the activity of acid phosphatase in sections of skeletal muscle has been developed and investigated for its reproducibility and validity. Cryostat sections of unfixed muscle mounted on dry dialysis membranes are first incubated for 1–4 h at 37° C on a gelled medium containing 4 mM naphthol AS-BI phosphate buffered at pH 5. They are next transferred to another gel containing only hexazotised Pararosanaline and incubated for a further 30 min. Finally, they are treated with 70% ethanol, dried in air, and mounted. The final reaction product (FRP) deposited within muscle fibres is mostly distributed as a fine reticular network, tentatively identified as sarcoplasmic reticulum. Large FRP ‘granules’ of the kind observed with Meijer's simultaneous coupling membrane technique are not formed. The method is reproducible and valid in terms of several working criteria. For example, the mean absorbance of the FRP at its absorption maximum increases linearly with incubation time; and in model sections containing various amounts of a subcellular fraction rich in acid phosphatase, the mean absorbance after a constant incubation time is proportional to the enzyme concentration. FRP is formed at approximately twice the rate it is deposited in the simultaneous coupling method. The most important advantage of the post-coupling method over the simultaneous coupling method is that the inhibition of the enzyme by coupling reagents is avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493436
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on intratypic variants of coxsackie B 1 virus (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 38 (1972), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six virus isolates recovered from clinical material and producing in inoculated infant mice histopathological changes resembling those produced by coxsackie B viruses were investigated. On the basis of cross neutralization tests all six isolates were found to be antigenically interrelated but distinct from all existing enteroviruses, including Public Health Laboratory (PHL) prototype coxsackie B 1 strain. All six isolates, however, were neutralized by the WHO reference antiserum to coxsackie B 1, Conn-5 strain, although the antisera to these isolates failed to neutralize Conn-5 strain. Conventional and kinetic neutralization tests revealed a considerable degree of antigenic heterogeneity among these isolates as well as antigenic difference between the two prototype strains, PHL and Conn-5. In the light of current definition, these six isolates, because of their narrower antigenic spectrum, as compared to prototype Conn-5 strain, cannot be considered as prime strains of coxsackie B 1 virus. The present study emphasizes the need for reexamination of present definition of “prime” and “prototype” strains. The findings also indicate the importance of using the enterovirus strains with the broadest antigenic spectrum in identification work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241357
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubella precipitin response in natural infection and in vaccination (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 45 (1974), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present investigation was directed towards determination of the significance of thetheta andiota precipitins in humoral immunity to rubella. Acutely infected cell cultures with rubella virus strains were found to be inadequate for production oftheta andiota antigens, requiring at least 800 × concentration of infected tissue culture fluids to obtain weakly reactingtheta andiota antigens in gel diffusion. To improve the antigen yield the rubella virus strains were adapted to a porcine stable cell line as a “chronically” infected culture. Three vaccine and three wild rubella virus strains, once established as chronically infected cultures, yielded equally well both thetheta and theiota antigens. Examination of sera from cases of natural infection by gel diffusion revealed that thetheta precipitin was present in all the sera with HAI titres of 1∶64 and higher. This precipitin was first detectable about seven days after the appearance of the HAI antibody. The concentration oftheta precipitin increased in parallel with the increase of the HAI titre. Theiota precipitin was not detectable in any sera with HAI titres of less than 1∶256 and only in 32 per cent of sera with titres of 1∶256 or higher. Noiota precipitins were found in sera collected earlier than five weeks after the exposure. Examination of post-vaccination sera from adults and children revealed that all sera with HAI titres of 1∶64 or higher had detectable levels oftheta precipitin but none hadiota precipitin, even those that had HAI titres of 1∶256 or higher. Even 80 × concentration of these sera by immunoglobulin precipitation failed to reveal detectable levels ofiota precipitin. The suggestion by others that theiota precipitin plays a major role in humoral immunity is questioned. A test foriota precipitin may serve a useful purpose as a yardstick in evaluation of the efficacy of live rubella vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242877
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral rabies vaccination of skunks and foxes with a recombinant human adenovirus vaccine (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 123 (1992), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new recombinant rabies vaccine (human adenovirus 5 containing the rabies glycoprotein gene) was given to striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Groups of skunks received the vaccine in baits, by direct instillation into the mouth, or intramuscularly. Foxes were given vaccine by direct instillation into the oral cavity (DIOC). Selected groups of vaccinated skunks and foxes were challenged with street rabies virus. There were high rates of seroconversion (generally with high antibody titers) in both foxes and skunks, with survival of all challenged vaccinated animals (all challenge controls developed rabies). In skunks, vaccine given DIOC was effective over a broad range of doses (108.7, 107.6 and 106.4 median tissue culture infective doses). There was no evidence of pathogenic effects. The results indicate that this adenovirus recombinant has considerable potential as a wildlife oral rabies vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317147
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inhibitor to rubella hemagglutination present in bovine albumin preparations: Its removal by treatment with kaolin (1977)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 163 (1977), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Certain commercial preparations of bovine albumin, fraction V, show inhibitory activity in the rubella hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. This does not appear to be due to albuminper se, but instead to a contaminant (or contaminants) with the properties of a lipoprotein. All inhibitory activity can be removed from albumin preparations by treatment with kaolin, gel filtration, or flotation ultracentrifugation. We have found that, even when there was no inhibition of HA titers, kaolin treatment of the albumins prior to their incorporation into the test diluent resulted in more clearly defined agglutination patterns. Reasons for and against including albumin in the test diluent are discussed. It is concluded that, although not essential, it is a worthwhile additive. Our data suggest, however, that each batch of albumin used for this purpose should be checked for the presence of inhibitor, and that treatment with kaolin might be considered as a routine step prior to its incorporation into the test diluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02121823
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic delineation of drainage basins within digital elevation data using the topographic primal sketch (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 22 (1990), S. 189-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; topographic analysis ; image analysis ; drainage networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new technique for automatic delineation of drainage basin perimeters within digital elevation data is described which applies the topographic primal sketch to digital terrain data, and is much more natural and much more efficient than usual methods that rely upon moving a window over the array of data. This method is able to find drainage channels, mark water flow direction, and recover drainage basin areas. Results appear to be comparable to drainage patterns which can be interpreted visually from contours of the elevation data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891823
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