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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of c-fos and c-jun expression in the rat supraoptic nucleus (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 10 (1990), S. 435-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: c-fos ; c-jun ; supraoptic nucleus ; osmolality ; transcription ; mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. We have investigated induction of the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun in the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON) during physiological stimulation. 2. Dehydration (0-24 hr) was asssociated with modest, but significant increases in both c-fos and c-jun mRNA at 8 hr and 16 hr as determined by Northern analysis of total RNA extracted from microdissected SON. Prior to 8 hr, and beyond 24 hr, no consistent changes in c-fos and c-jun mRNA were found. Levels of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in the hippocampus were not altered over 24 hr of dehydration. 3. Acute stimulation with hypertonic saline (1.5M, i.p.) resulted in a marked increase in SON c-fos mRNA at 1 hr (6-fold) and 2 hr (3.5-fold). Small increases in SON c-jun mRNA were observed at these time points. Treatment with a similar volume of 0.9% saline did not elevate SON c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels. 4. Analysis of transcriptional activity with a nuclear run-on assay showed that activation of transcription appears to mediate the induction of c-fos and c-jun mRNA following acute hypertonic saline treatment. During dehydration transcriptional activation is apparent for c-jun but is not well defined for c-fos. 5. The results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis that products of c-fos and c-jun may mediate adaptive changes in hypothalamic gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711185
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regenerated retinal ganglion cell axons form normal numbers of boutons but fail to expand their arbors in the superior colliculus (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 27 (1998), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Regenerated retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons can re-form functional synapses with target neurons in the superior colliculus (SC). Because preterminal axon branching determines the size, shape and density of innervation fields, we investigated the branching patterns and bouton formation of individual RGC axons that had regrown along peripheral nerve (PN) grafts to the SC. Within the superficial layers of the SC, the regenerated axons formed terminal arbors with average numbers of terminal boutons that were similar to the controls. However, axonal branches were shorter than normal so that the mean area of the regenerated arbors was nearly one-tenth that of control arbors and the resulting fields of innervation contained greater than normal numbers of synapses concentrated in small areas of the target. Our results have delineated a critical defect in the reconstitution of retino-collicular circuitry in adult mammals: the failure of terminal RGC branches to expand appropriately. Because recent studies have documented that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can specifically lengthen RGC axonal branches not only during development in the SC but also within the adult retina after axotomy, the present quantitative studies should facilitate experimental attempts to correct this deficit of the regenerative response. © 1998 Chapman and Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006911709138
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of CNS-prophylaxis-related leukoencephalopathy after CSF shunting: case histories of identical twins (1996)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 12 (1996), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; Leukemia ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Shunt surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case histories of identical twin brothers who developed concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 4 years and who later developed leukoencephalopathy and hydrocephalus related to central nervous system prophylaxis by, in the first case intrathecally administered methotrexate and, in the second by intrathecally administered methotrexate and cranial irradiation. The delayed encephalopathy developed 9 and 22 months respectively after the first dose of intrathecal methotrexate. Both patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid shunting mainly for their hydrocephalus. The imaging studies have shown that both hydrocephalus and leukoencephalopathy have improved significantly after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. We review the pathophysiology of prophylaxis-related encephalopathy in leukemia patients and summarize its clinical, histological, and radiological characteristics. We also discuss the possible contribution of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the development of leukoencephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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