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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthma and hand dermatitis to leek (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056002192.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-10 and antibiotic therapy in the indometacin-induced bowel inflammation rat model (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The administration of indometacin to rats increases intestinal permeability and induces inflammatory pathology of the small bowel. This represents a potential model for Crohn’s disease.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:To analyse the pathogenic role of T cells, tumour necrosis factor and bacterial flora in indometacin-induced changes in small bowel permeability and inflammation.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Rats were given indometacin, 13 mg/kg, on day 1 and day 2. The effects of antibiotic (metronidazole, aztreonam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), anti- tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-10 therapy were evaluated. The parameters used were weight change, serum haemoglobin, chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetra-acetate permeability and macro-and microscopic score on day 5. Results in conventionally harboured rats were compared with those in T-cell-free rats. Additional in vitro experiments were carried out to test the effect of metronidazole on tumour necrosis factor production.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Indometacin administration resulted in small bowel ulcers and inflammation, independently of T cells. Metronidazole was more potent than amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and anti-tumour necrosis factor in improving the indometacin-induced small bowel inflammation. Only part of the efficacy was through improvement of increased intestinal permeability. Aztreonam and interleukin-10 had no effect. Metronidazole also suppressed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor production, suggesting a therapeutic effect of this drug through the inhibition of tumour necrosis factor.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:These data implicate anaerobic bacteria and tumour necrosis factor production, but not T cells, as essential elements of the pathogenesis of indometacin-induced small bowel inflammation. Tumour necrosis factor is also involved in the change in intestinal permeability. Metronidazole was the most efficacious drug in this model, probably because it suppressed anaerobic bacteria and directly inhibited tumour necrosis factor production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01111.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and tolerability of antagonist anti-human CD40 Mab ch5D12 in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The ligation of CD40 by CD154 is a critical step in the interaction between APC and T cells. In animals, antagonizing CD40L-CD40 has been shown to reduce the severity of several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including experimental colitis.Aim:  To investigate tolerability and safety of an antagonist chimeric monoclonal anti-human CD40 antibody (ch5D12) for treatment of Crohn's disease.Method:  ch5D12 was administrated to 18 patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in a single dose, open-label dose-escalation phase I/IIa study.Results:  ch5D12 plasma concentrations increased dose-dependently after infusion. Two patients developed an anti-ch5D12 antibody response. Overall response and remission rates were 72 and 22%, respectively with no evidence for a dose–response effect. Treatment with ch5D12 reduced microscopic disease activity and intensity of the lamina propria cell infiltrate, but did not alter percentages of circulating T and B cells. ch5D12 was well tolerated, although some patients experienced headache, muscle aches, or joint pains, which may have been related to the study drug.Conclusions:  Antagonizing CD154–CD40 interactions with ch5D12 is a promising therapeutic approach for remission induction in Crohn's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02526.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adalimumab induces apoptosis of human monocytes: a comparative study with infliximab and etanercept (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor, was recently introduced for therapy of Crohn's disease.Aim : Since induction of apoptosis of inflammatory cells is thought to be an important mechanism of action of the antitumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody infliximab, we studied the induction of apoptosis of activated peripheral blood monocytes by adalimumab.Method : Apoptosis was analysed at the levels of the cell membrane, mitochondria and DNA by flow cytometry.Results: We found that both adalimumab and infliximab induced apoptosis in cultured monocytes, while etanercept did not. Apoptosis induction was caspase-dependent and detectable already after 2 h. The production of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 by monocytes was down-regulated significantly by adalimumab and infliximab but not by etanercept, while levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor in monocyte cultures were down-regulated by all three reagents.Conclusions : These data show that both adalimumab and infliximab affect monocyte cytokine production and induce apoptosis of activated monocytes. Our findings will have to be further correlated to therapeutic efficacy of these antitumour necrosis factor reagents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02309.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accessory Signalling by B7-1 for T Cell Activation Induced by Anti-CD2: Evidence for IL-2-Independent CTL Generation and CsA-Rcsistant Cytokine Production (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Resting T cells can be activated by selected pairs of anti-CD2 MoAb. Activation is dependent on the presence of accessory cells, which can be replaced by either anti-CD28, or by the combination of IL-1β and IL-6. The present study was undertaken to investigate accessory signalling by B7-1, the natural ligandof CD28, in this pathway of T cell activation. 3T6 mouse fibrobiasts were transfected with human B7-1 and used as accessory cells in cultures of purified resting human T cells. In the presence of a stimulating pair of anti-CD2 MoAb, T cell proliferation, production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-α and TNF-α), and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes were all supported by B7-l(+) 3T6 cells but not by control 3T6 cells. Blocking studies with anti-IL-2 + anti-IL-2R MoAb revealed both IL-2-dependent and IL-2-independent CTL generation after B7-1 -mediated costimulation. Moreover, a partial or complete resistance to inhibition with CsA was observed for IL-2 production and CTL generation respectively in the presence of the costimulatory signal derived from B7-1 - CD28 interaction. Anti-CD2 MoAb with B7-1 costimulation could directly induce proliferation, IL-2 production and generation of CTL activity in highly purified CD8+ T cells without the heip of CD4+ T cells. We conclude that CD28 ligation with the natural ligand B7-1 provides a strong accessory signal for CD4 and CD8 cell activation through CD2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03529.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological observations before and after successful treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with ketoconazole and transfer factor (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1984), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Candidiasis ; Ketoconazole ; Transfer factor ; Immune deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A girl, 13 months of age, presented with generalised granulomatous skin, hair and mucosal candidiasis. Her lymphocytes failed to respond in vitro to Candida antigen (CA); the intradermal test with CA was also negative. Serum immunoglobulins, complement components, granulocyte functions (phagocytic and fungicidal), T-cell subsets, mitogenic and allogenic lymphocyte stimulation, natural killer cell activity and immune, interferon production were all found to be normal. No circulating immune complexes were detected. Ketoconazole, an antimycotic drug, 5 mg/kg twice daily for 1 month and 2.5 mg/kg twice daily for another month spectacularly cleared all lesions. Afterwards, 4-monthly injections with transfer factor (TF) were given. Intradermal reactivity to CA was observed after the second TF injection. The lymphocyte responsiveness to CA in vitro became strongly positive 3 months after the last TF injection. The level of CA precipitins in serum, which was very high (11 lines) before ketoconazole treatment, decreased to 4 lines. No serum inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation to CA could be demonstrated in the patient's serum before or after treatment. This specific CA unresponsiveness was not due to an excess of OKT8+(suppressor) cells; macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) production was normal. The nonresponsiveness might be due to antigenic overload or to suppressor cell induction not demonstrable in the present studies. The child has remained free of lesions during 3 years of follow-up without any further treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442747
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural killer cell activity and hypovitaminosis E (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: AbbreviationsCD cluster of differentiation  ;  CMV cytomegalic virus  ;  GM-CSF granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor  ;  HNK human natural killer  ;  IL interleukin  ;  LGL large granular lymphocyte  ;  MHC major histocompatibility complex  ;  NK natural killer  ;  TCR T-cell receptor  ;   TNF tumour necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050635
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1985)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 4 (1985), S. 230-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032300
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