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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of compensatory growth responses of juvenile three-spined stickleback and minnow following similar food deprivation protocols (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The compensatory growth responses of individual juveniles of two co- existing species were compared after identical periods of starvation to determine inter-specific similarities and differences. The carnivorous stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was compared with the omnivorous minnow Phoxinus phoxinus. Both species experienced 1 or 2 weeks of starvation before being re-fed ad libitum. The two species differed in their response to the starvation periods, with minnows showing a lower weight-specific loss. Both species showed compensatory responses in appetite, growth and to a lesser extent, growth efficiency. Minnows wholly compensated for 1 and 2 weeks of starvation. At the end of the experiment, sticklebacks starved for 2 weeks were still showing a compensatory response and had not achieved full compensation. The compensatory responses of the sticklebacks showed a lag of a week before developing in the re-feeding phase, whereas the response of the minnows was immediate. Analysis of lipid and dry matter concentrations suggested that the compensatory response restored reserve lipids while also bringing the fish back to the growth trajectory of continuously fed fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00562.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous activity was unaffectedby ration size in Nile tilapia and gibel carp (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two growth trials using a range of ration sizes from starvation to maximum feeding suggested that linear relationships existed between specific growth rate and ration size for Nile tilapia and givel carp. Continuous measurement of activity showed that activity level, in terms of distance swum per day, was not affected significantly by ration size in both Nile tilapia and gibel carp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02276.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensatory growth, feed utilization and activity in gibel carp, following feed deprivation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Following a period of food deprivation, gibel carp compensated for growth through increased feed intake and conversion efficiency, but increased conversion efficiency was not achieved by increasing digestibility or reducing activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02101.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal patterns in feeding ecology of three small fishes in the Biandantang Lake, China (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Feeding ecology of three small fish species, Hypseleotris swinhonis, Ctenogobius giurinus and Pseudorasbora parva was studied seasonally in the Biandantang Lake, a small, shallow lake in central China. Gut length, adjusted for total body length, was significantly higher in spring than in other seasons for all the three species. Seasonal changes in gut length were not associated with changes in food quality. Weight of fore-gut contents, adjusted for body weight, was significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn in H. swinhonis and C. giurinus, and significantly higher in autumn than in spring and summer for P. parva. Percentage of empty fore-guts was highest in summer and lowest in spring for H. swinhonis and C. giurinus, and highest in winter and lowest in autumn for P. parva. Diet of the three small fishes showed apparent seasonal changes, and these changes reflected partly the seasonal fluctuations of food resources in environment. Diet breadth was high in winter and low in autumn for H. swinhonis, high in winter and low in spring and summer for C. giurinus, and high in autumn and low in spring for P. parva. Diet overlaps between pairs of species were biologically significant in most cases, except between H. swinhonis and P. parva in summer and autumn and between C. giurinus and P. parva in autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02198.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioenergetics of growth of a cyprinid, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.): the effect of ration and temperature on growth rate and efficiency (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Growth of minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, weighing 1-5.5 g was studied experimentally at five ration levels from starvation to ad libitum and four temperatures ranging from 5 to 15°C. The relationship between specific growth rate (SGR) and ration was a decelerating curve. SGR at maximum rations increased with increased temperature, but at restricted rations it decreased with increased temperature. Predictive models for the specific growth rates were developed using multiple regression. Maintenance rations and optimum rations both increased with increased temperature. Maintenance rations were less sensitive to temperature than optimum rations and mostly lay between 1 and 2% of body weight per day. Conversion efficiencies increased with increased ration from zero value at the maintenance ration to a peak at the optimum ration, then decreased with further increases in ration. At a given restricted ration level, conversion efficiencies generally decreased with increased temperature. At maximum rations, conversion efficiencies were relatively insensitive to temperature. Growth in wet weight, dry weight and energy content showed similar responses to ration, temperature and body weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05521.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary-morphological relationships of fishes in Liangzi Lake, China (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Species in Liangzi Lake were clustered into four trophic groups: Hemiramphus kurumeus and Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri fed predominantly on terrestrial insects; Carassius auratus auratus and Abbottina rivularis on non-animal food; Hypseleotris swinhonis, Ctenogobius giurinus, Pseudorasbora parva and Toxabramis swinhonis on cladocerans or copepods; Culterichthys erythropterus on decapod shrimps. Gut length, mouth width, mouth height, gill raker length and gill raker spacing, varied widely among species. With the exception of three species pairs (H. swinhonis, C. giurinus; C. erythropterus, H. kurumeus; T. swinhonis, H. bleekeri bleekeri), principal components analysis of morphological variables revealed over-dispersion of species. Canonical correspondence analysis of dietary and morphological data revealed five significant dietary-morphological correlations. The first three roots explained 〉 85% of the total variance. The first root reflected mainly the relationship of gut length to non-animal food, with an increase in gut length associated with an increase in non-animal food. The second root was influenced strongly by the relationship of the gill raker spacing to consumption of copepods, with an increase in gill raker spacing associated positively with copepods in the diet. The third root was influenced by the relationship of mouth gape to consumption of fish and decapod shrimps, with an increase in mouth gape associated with more fish and decapod shrimps in the diet. These significant dietary-morphological relationships supported the eco-morphological hypotheses that fish morphology influence food use, and morphological variation is important in determining ecological segregation of co-existing fish species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02325.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and feed utilization by F4 human growth hormone transgenic carp fed diets with different protein levels (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The F4 generation of human growth hormone (hGH) transgenic red common carp Cyprinus carpio had significantly higher growth rates than the non-transgenic controls. Protein and energy intakes were significantly higher in the transgenic carp than in the controls fed the 20% protein diet, but were not different between the two strains fed diets with 30 and 40% protein. Faecal protein loss, as a proportion of protein intake, was significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls fed diets with 20 and 30% protein, but was not different between the two strains fed diet with 40% protein. Faecal energy loss, as a proportion of energy intake, was significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls fed diet with 20% protein, but was not different between the two strains fed diets with 30 and 40% protein. Recovered protein, as a proportion of protein intake, was significantly higher in the transgenics than in the controls fed all diets, whereas recovered energy was significantly higher in the transgenic fish fed the 40% protein diet. For fish fed each diet, the transgenics had significantly higher body contents of dry matter and protein, but lower contents of lipid than the controls. It was concluded that transgenics were more efficient in utilizing dietary protein than the controls. At a lower dietary protein level, transgenics achieved higher growth rates mainly by increasing feed intake; at higher levels of dietary protein, transgenics achieved higher growth rates mainly through a higher energy conversion efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00114.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioenergetics of growth of a cyprinid, Phoxinus phoxinm (L.): development and testing of a growth model (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The development, verification and validation of a bioenergetics growth model for the European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, are described. Sensitivity analysis showed that the growth predicted by the model was sensitive to parameters used in the estimates of the energy and dry matter content of the fish and metabolic rate. The model gave good predictions of the form of the growth-temperature relationship, but failed to predict the growth-ration relationship well. Validation of the model against experimental data showed that the model underestimated growth at lower rations and overestimated growth at higher rations. Only at low ration levels did the model predict growth rates equivalent to those recorded for a natural population of minnows. Analyses of an empirical regression equation for growth rate, as well as the bioenergetics model, highlighted four areas for future research: (1) the energy content of fish in relation to environmental factors; (2) the feeding metabolism of fish in relation to environmental factors; (3) the regulatory mechanism of long-term growth; (4) the effect of gonadal maturation on long-term growth. The identification of these problems illustrates the advantage of a partially explanatory model, the bioenergetics model, over a descriptive empirical model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02957.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioenergetics of growth of a cyprinid, Phoxinus phoxinus: the effect of ration, temperature and body size on food consumption, faecal production and nitrogenous excretion (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Food consumption, faecal production and nitrogen excretion by minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, weighing 1–5.5 g were studied at five rations ranging from starvation to ad libitum and four temperatures ranging from 5 to 15°C.The maximum rate of food consumption (Cmax) was related to body weight (W) and temperature (T) by the relationship: Cmax=aWb1Tb2. There were significant daily variations in Cmax, which tended to decline over time. Absorption efficiency increased with increasing ration size and decreasing temperature. Body weight had no significant effect on the faecal production. The equation F= aCb1eb2 T described the relationship between faecal production (F), food consumption (C) and temperature. Ammonia-N predominated over urea-N in the excreta of most experimental fish. The proportion of urea-N in the total nitrogen excreted was generally higher at lower rations than at higher rations. Rates of nitrogen excretion increased with increased ration size and were, to a lesser extent, influenced by temperature. Body weight had no significant effect on the nitrogen excretion by feeding minnows. The equation N = a+blT+b2C described the effects of food consumption and temperature on nitrogen excretion (N) other than urea-N excretion. The relationship between urea-N excretion (Nu), food consumption and temperature was described by the equation Nu= aeb1T((C+1)b2.On the average, 11 % of food energy was lost in faecal production and nitrogen excretion by minnows feeding on whiteworms, Enchytraeus spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05484.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensatory growth response in three-spined stickleback in relation to feed-deprivation protocols (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Different protocols of food deprivation were used to bring two groups of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus to the same reduced body mass in comparison with a control group fed daily ad libitum. One group experienced 1 week of deprivation then 2 weeks on maintenance rations. The second group experienced 1 week of ad libitum feeding followed by 2 weeks of deprivation. The deprived groups were reduced to a mean mass of c. 80% of controls. The compensatory growth response shown when ad libitum feeding was resumed was independent of the trajectory by which the three-spined sticklebacks had reached the reduced body mass. The compensatory response was sufficient to return the deprived groups to the mass and length trajectories shown by the control group within 4 weeks. There was full compensation for dry mass and total lipid, but incomplete compensation for lipid-free dry mass. Hyperphagia and increased growth efficiency were present in the re-feeding phase, but there was a lag of a week before the hyperphagia was established. The consistency of the compensatory response of immature three-spined sticklebacks provides a potential model system for the analysis and prediction of appetite and growth in teleosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00019.x
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