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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ellipsometric study of critical adsorption at the surface of a polymer solution: Evidence for a slowly decaying interfacial profile (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 706-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the coefficient of ellipticity ρ¯ of light reflected at the free liquid surface of solutions of polystyrene (M¯w=110 000) in cyclohexane near the upper critical solution point of the system. At the critical composition cursive-phic it is observed upon approaching the critical solution temperature Tc from above that the ellipticity exhibits a finite maximum (ρ¯max) about 0.4 K above Tc. This behavior can be explained semiquantitatively in terms of the increasing width of the interface, which is proportional to the correlation length ξ of composition fluctuations in the bulk liquid and diverges with ξ on approaching Tc. The calculation of ρ¯ starts from a dielectric profile function ε(z) which models the short-ranged number density profile of the surface and the superimposed slowly decaying composition profile from the surface into the bulk solution. The ellipticity is obtained by a numerical algorithm originally developed for calculating the reflection properties of stratified dielectric media. The temperature dependence of ρ¯ for samples of concentrations higher and lower than cursive-phic, above and below the phase separation temperature, is also discussed in the light of these calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453567
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical Depletion of a Pure Fluid in Controlled-Pore Glass. Experimental Results and Grand Canonical Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulation (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 2137-2142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00006a048
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physisorption of Cyclohexane on a SiO2/Si Substrate: Evidence of a Wetting Transition above the Triple Point (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 3075-3082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00008a037
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    c-Jun and RACK1 homologues regulate a control point for sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Amino acid limitation results in impaired sexual fruit body formation in filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus nidulans. The starvation signal is perceived by the cross-pathway regulatory network controlling the biosynthesis of translational precursors and results in increased expression of a transcriptional activator encoded by a c-Jun homologue. In the presence of amino acids, the gene product of the mammalian RACK1 homologue cpcB is required to repress the network. Growth under amino acid starvation conditions permits the initiation of the sexual developmental programme of the fungus, but blocks fruit body formation before completion of meiosis. Accordingly, arrest at this defined control point results in microcleistothecia filled with hyphae. Addition of amino acids results in release of the block and completion of development to mature ascospores. The same developmental block is induced by either overexpression of c-Jun homologues or deletion of the RACK1 homologue cpcB of A. nidulans in the presence of amino acids. Therefore, the amino acid starvation signal regulates sexual development through the network that also controls the amino acid biosynthetic genes. Expression of the RACK1 gene suppresses the block in development caused by a deletion of cpcB. These data illuminate a connection between metabolism and sexual development in filamentous fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01954.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The WD protein Cpc2p is required for repression of Gcn4 protein activity in yeast in the absence of amino-acid starvation (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The CPC2 gene of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a Gβ-like WD protein which is involved in regulating the activity of the general control activator Gcn4p. The CPC2 gene encodes a premRNA which is spliced and constitutively expressed in the presence or absence of amino acids. Loss of CPC2 gene function suppresses a deletion of the GCN2 gene encoding the general control sensor kinase, but not a deletion in the GCN4 gene. The resulting phenotype has resistance against amino-acid analogues. The Neurospora crassa cpc-2 and the rat RACK1 genes are homologues of CPC2 that complement the yeast cpc2 deletion. The cpc2Δ mutation leads to increased transcription of Gcn4p-dependent genes under non-starvation conditions without increasing GCN4 expression or the DNA binding activity of Gcn4p. Cpc2p-mediated transcriptional repression requires the Gcn4p transcriptional activator and a Gcn4p recognition element in the target promoter. Frameshift mutations resulting in a shortened Gβ-like protein cause a different phenotype that has sensitivity against amino-acid analogues similar to a gcn2 deletion. Cpc2p seems to be part of an additional control of Gcn4p activity, independent of its translational regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01219.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation and repression of the yeast ARO3 gene by global transcription factors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ARO3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for the phenylalanine-inhibited 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (EC 4.1.2.15) and is regulated by the general control system of amino acid biosynthesis through a single GCN4-binding site in its promoter. A combined deletion and mutation analysis of the ARO3 promoter region in a δgcn4-background revealed two additional regulatory systems involved in ARO3 transcription. The ARO3 gene is (i) activated through a sequence element which binds the multifunctional DNA-binding protein ABF1 in vitro and (ii) repressed through an URS1 element, which binds the same protein in vitro as the URS1 element In the CAR1 promoter. Since both the ABF1-binding site and the URS1 element represent cis-acting elements of global transcription regulatory systems in yeast, the ARO3 gene is the first example of a GCN4-regulated gene which is both activated and repressed by global transcription factors. Activation of the ARO3 gene through the ABF1-binding site and repression through the URS1 element seem to be independent of each other and independent of activation by the GCN4 protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02231.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Aspergillus nigerGCN4 homologue, cpcA, is transcriptionally regulated and encodes an unusual leucine zipper (1997)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 23 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The general control transcriptional regulator gene cpcA of Aspergillus niger was cloned by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiaeΔgcn4 mutant strain. The encoded protein conferred resistance to amino acid analogues when expressed in yeast. Disruption of cpcA in A. niger resulted in a strain which is sensitive towards 3-aminotriazole and fails to respond to amino acid starvation. cpcA encodes a transcript of ≈2400 nucleotides in length that includes a 5′ leader region of 900 nucleotides. The 5′ leader region contains two small open reading frames, suggesting translational control of gene expression. Steady-state mRNA levels of cpcA increase by a factor of three upon amino acid starvation. The coding region of cpcA is interrupted by a 57 bp intron and the deduced amino acid sequence displays an ≈30% overall identity to yeast GCN4p and Neurospora crassa cpc-1p. Critical amino acid residues of the transcriptional activation domains of GCN4p are conserved in cpcAp. The basic DNA-binding domain shows up to 70% amino acid sequence identity to other basic zipper (bZIP)-type transcriptional activators. cpcAp binds specifically to a GCN4p recognition element in gel retardation experiments. The C-terminal dimerization domain encodes a leucine zipper with only a single leucine residue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.1741549.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TOXIC FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM TUMOR ISOLATES AND RELATED CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 174 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1970.tb45590.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Aspergillus fumigatus transcriptional activator CpcA contributes significantly to the virulence of this fungal pathogen (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 52 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have cloned and characterized the Aspergillus fumigatus cpcA gene encoding the transcriptional activator of the cross-pathway control system of amino acid biosynthesis. cpcA encodes a functional orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gcn4p. The coding sequence of the 2.2 kb transcript is preceded by two short upstream open reading frames, the larger one being well conserved among Aspergilli. Deletion strains in which either the coding sequence or the entire locus are replaced by a bifunctional dominant marker are impaired in their cross-pathway control response upon amino acid starvation, as demonstrated by analyses of selected reporter genes and specific enzymatic activities. In a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis, cpcAΔ strains display attenuated virulence. Pathogenicity is restored to wild-type levels in strains with reconstitution of the genomic locus. Competitive mixed infection experiments additionally demonstrate that cpcAΔ strains are less able to survive in vivo than their wild-type progenitor. Our data suggest that specific stress conditions are encountered by A. fumigatus within the mammalian host and that the fungal cross-pathway control system plays a significant role in pulmonary aspergillosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04015.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smt3/SUMO and Ubc9 are required for efficient APC/C-mediated proteolysis in budding yeast (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis triggered by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is essential for sister chromatid separation and the mitotic exit. Like ubiquitylation, protein modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO appears to be important during mitosis, because yeast cells impaired in the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 were found to be blocked in mitosis and defective in cyclin degradation. Here, we analysed the role of SUMOylation in the metaphase/anaphase transition and in APC/C-mediated proteolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that cells depleted of Ubc9 or Smt3, the yeast SUMO protein, mostly arrested with undivided nuclei and with high levels of securin Pds1. This metaphase block was partially relieved by a deletion of PDS1. The absence of Ubc9 or Smt3 also resulted in defects in chromosome segregation. Temperature-sensitive ubc9-2 mutants were delayed in proteolysis of Pds1 and of cyclin Clb2 during mitosis. The requirement of SUMOylation for APC/C-mediated degradation was tested more directly in G1-arrested cells. Both ubc9-2 and smt3-331 mutants were defective in efficient degradation of Pds1 and mitotic cyclins, whereas proteolysis of unstable proteins that are not APC/C substrates was unaffected. We conclude that SUMOylation is needed for efficient proteolysis mediated by APC/C in budding yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03910.x
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