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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent changes in health related dental behaviors in Norway (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 19 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There has been a substantial decrease in the prevalence of caries in younger age groups in the western world during the last 15 years. A corresponding increase has been reported regarding use of preventive remedies. Since prevention and control of dental disease is highly dependent upon personal behavior, investigations of dental health behaviors within subgroups of the population are important for future preventive strategies. Occurrence and changes in individual dental health behaviors in Norway were studied through lour sets of cross-sectional data collected in 1981, 1983, 1985, and 1987. Personal interviews performed by trained interviewers were held with probability samples, each of about 1400 persons, covering the Norwegian population aged 15 and above. During the 6-yr period the proportion of individuals who brushed their teeth and used fluoride dentifrice every day increased. The number of people who used toothpicks or dental floss every day also increased from 1981 to 1985. A marked decrease was, however, observed in use of interdental remedies from 1985 to 1987. Daily use of dental floss was reduced by 10 percent points. Logistic regression showed that the reduction in the probability of using interdental aids was most pronounced among (hose with few teeth. Lower importance attached to dental health education, at all levels, combined with difficult economic limes since 1987, might account for the decrease in daily use of interdental aids in Norway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00158.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between number of teeth and periodontal pockets (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 19 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between number of teeth and the prevalence of periodontal disease is an important factor to consider when planning future needs for periodontal care. This is of particular relevance today, when the level of tooth loss is steadily reducing. The aim of the present study was to examine this relationship. Three dependent variables associated with periodontal disease were included in the analysis: 1. The probability of having pockets 4 mm or more. 2. The mean pocket depth for individuals with pockets 4 mm or more. 3. The number of pockets for individuals with pockets 4 mm or more. Age was included in the analysis as a control variable. The study population comprised 2219 individuals in the county of Trøndelag, Norway. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and multiple regression analysis. The probability of having pockets 4 mm or more increased with increasing number of teeth. The average pocket depth decreased with increasing number of teeth. There was no relationship between number of pockets and number of teeth. The increase in the probability of having pockets with a marginal increase in number of teeth was greatest for those aged 53 years and above. It is concluded that this group of people are likely to have the greatest need for periodontal care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00130.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal study of dental health behaviors and other caries predictors in early childhood (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 16 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This longitudinal study of 231 preschoolchildren from a medium sized Norwegian town had three aims: firstly, to examine the children's early dental behavior, secondly to study the variation of dental health behavior according to mother's education, mother's dental health, and her dental attendance pattern, and thirdly to identify any behavioral or social predictors of dental caries in 36-month-old children. Data were collected at health centers, using preceded questionnaires and examinations, when the children were 6. 18. and 36 months old. Data about the mothers were collected at the maternity ward. At 36 months of age, 80% of the children were caries free. Favorable dental behaviors were related to toothbrushing and use of fluorides. These behaviors were so well established and consistent at all ages that they can be regarded as norms for this community. The most unfavorable and inconsistent behavior was related to sugar consumption. Dental health education could be most usefully applied to this area, where the greatest potential for improvement in behavior exists. A relationship was found between the children's caries experience and the number of missing teeth of the mother, her dental attendance pattern and her level of education. None of the social or behavioral variables tested had a strong enough association with caries experience to justify their use as caries predictors in this age group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00581.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do young adults demand more dental services as their income increases? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 30 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  – Several studies from the USA have shown that there is a positive and strong relationship between income and demand for dental care. All these studies have been performed on populations where treatment needs were high. Today, young adults represent one group of the population where treatment needs are low. But young adults will not necessarily demand or utilize more dental services as their income increases. As we do not know the extent to which demand will increase when income increases among young adults, future needs for dental manpower could be less than predicted from previous studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between income and demand/utilization for dental services among young adults in Norway. The analyses were performed on two large sets of survey data, collected in 1985 and 1995, which were representative of the Norwegian population aged 20 years and above. The main finding was that the increase in demand with an increase in income was less for young adults than for older adults. In particular, there was a marked fall in the income elasticities among young adults from 1985 to 1995. The fall in the income elasticity corresponds to a marked decrease in the prevalence of dental diseases among young adults during that period. Our results imply that future policies for dental manpower should take into account the lower income elasticity for young adults compared to for older adults, and that future needs for dental personnel should be planned accordingly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00016.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supply Decisions among Dentists Working within a Fixed-fee System of Dental Care Provision (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 52 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Norway fees for dental treatment did not increase at the same rate as prices for other goods and services during the 1980s. The aim of this study was to examine how this decrease in fees in real terms has influenced dentists' work decisions with respect to supply of services. Data on characteristics of the dentist and the dental practice were collected for 1979, 1984, and 1986. The dependent variable was supply of dental services, measured as the number of patient care hours worked per annum. The hourly fee for dental care was equivalent to dentists' hourly wage rate. Supply increased as fees decreased. This could be explained either as a response of the patient or the dentist to reduced fees. Although the data did not give conclusive evidence as to which effect was most important, the authors have put forward the view that the main effect was dentists' response to reduced fees. The main argument put in favor of this view is that dentists have an overall knowledge of the effect of a change in fees on their income. The impact of a change in fees is much greater on the provider who supplies the services to many individuals over a long period of time, than on an individual consumer who buys the services once or twice a year. It was concluded that, in the short run, a fixed-fee schedule may not be very effective in limiting costs for dental care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02274.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contract design for primary care physicians: Physician location and practice behaviour in small communities (2000)
    Springer
    Health care management science 3 (2000), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9389
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Most western countries employ a combination of fee-for-service, fixed salary and per capita subsidies to finance the services of general practitioners. Based on Norwegian data, the authors demonstrate that these fianancial schemes have been used in different types of municipalities. The authors argue that the fee-for-service and per capita components should be allowed to vary between primary physicians and municipalities: (a) If the patient population per primary physician is low and patient supply is unstable, the per capita subsidy or work-free income should be differentiated to ensure recruitment of physicians. (b) Physicians in municipalities with low physician coverage should be allotted a low basic grant, whilst per capita subsidy and fee-for-service payments should be used to stimulate service production. The opposite situation exists where there is a potential of supplier inducement due to high physician coverage. (c) The responsibility for designing contracts should be assigned to local rather than national authorities. These suggestions go against important elements in the reform of primary physician services in Norway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019041307532
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