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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic interaction parameter .chi. determined by small-angle x-ray scattering (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 18 (1985), S. 582-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00145a046
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic study on heat of mixing of polyisobutylene with ethylbenzene (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 763-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The heat of mixing of polyisobutylene with ethylbenzene was measured from 18.2 to 69.2° C with a Tian-Calvet twin micro-calorimeter, and the exchange enthalpy parameter X12 in Flory's theory was estimated. The X12 obtained was discussed also in comparison with the one based on Manzini model. Further combining with osmotic pressure data, temperature dependence of the entropy parameter Q12 was referred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256277
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of thermodynamic interactions between polyethylene and n-alkanes by means of melting point measurements (1965)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 205 (1965), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die thermodynamischen Wechselwirkungsparameter für das System lineares PolyÄthylen/n-Alkane wurden durch die Schmelzpunktsmessungen von PolyÄthylen in den Mischungen mit n-Alkanen bestimmt. Die als Verdünnungsmittel verwandten n-Alkane waren n-C6H14, n-C7H16, n-C8H18, n-C18H38 und n-C32H66. Es wurde gefunden, da\ mit steigender Zahl der Kohlenstoffatome in den n-Alkanen der Entropieparameterψ 1 zunimmt, wÄhrend der Enthalpieparameterκ 1 annÄhernd Null bleibt. Der Parameter der freien Energieχ 1 nimmt ab und nÄhert sich Null. Die VerÄnderung der Wechselwirkungsparameter von der Zahl des Kohlenstoffatome in den n-Alkanen wurden nach der Prigogineschen Theorie diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The thermodynamic interaction parameters for linear polyethylene-n-alkanes were investigated with n-C6H14, n-C7H16, n-C8H18, n-C18H38, and n-C32H66 as diluents, by determining the melting temperatures of polyethylene in its mixtures with n-alkanes. It follows that, with increasing the number of carbon atom in n-alkanes, the entropy parameterψ 1 increases, the enthalpy parameterκ 1 remains approximately equal to zero, and the free energy parameterχ 1 decreases and approaches to zero. The change of the interaction parameters with the number of carbon atom in n-alkanes were discussed byPrigogine's theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01499849
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of solvent on single crystal formation from dilute polyethylene solution (1968)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 222 (1968), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit gilt der Frage, wie weit die Morphologie von Polyäthylen-Einkristallen vom Lösungsmittel beeinflußt wird. Hierzu werden solche Einkristalle unter isothermen Bedingungen aus Lösungen von fraktioniertem Linearpolyäthylen inn-Oktan,n-Hexadecan, Dekalin, Tetralin, Toluol,p-Xylol und Diphenyläther dargestellt. Zwischen den aus der röntgenographischen Kleinwinkelstreuung ermittelten Faltungslängen der Lamellen und den Kristallisationstemperaturen besteht bei Tetralin,p-Xylol und Toluol ein einfacher Zusammenhang. Die anderen untersuchten Lösungsmittel zeigten dagegen einen spezifischen Einfluß. Zur Diskussion wurde die freie Oberflächenenthalpie der Einkristalle abgeschätzt. Es wurde gezeigt, daß um so regelmäßiger gefaltete Einkristalle entstehen können, je größer der thermodynamische Wechselwirkungsparameter und das Molvolumen der verwendeten Lösungsmittel sind.
    Notes: Summary With fractionated linear polyethylene, single crystals were prepared isothermally from dilute solutions in various solvents asn-octane,n-hexadecane, decaline, tetralin, toluene,p-xylene and diphenyl ether, which differed in the size and the thermodynamic properties. The fold length of lamellae was plotted against the crystallization temperature. For tetralin,p-xylene and toluene systems, their observed points lay nearly on the same curve, but for other solvent systems, the relation was obviously not independent of the kind of solvent from which the single crystals were formed. To discuss the effect of solvent on single crystal formation from dilute solution, the end surface free energy of single crystal was estimated from the equation based on the kinetic theory. It was pointed out that more regularly folded single crystals may be formed with solvent having larger thermodynamic interaction parameter and larger molar volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01507361
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray scattering from heparin in solution (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary X-ray small-angle scattering fron heparin in solution was measured, and compared with theoretical curves based on various nolecular models. Good agreement was obtained for the model consisting of α-D-glcosamine in the 4C1 conformation and α-L-iduronate in the 1C4 conformation. It was suggested that the helical conformation is maintained even in solution, at least in part. The helix pitch was estimated to be 0.75–0.85 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254144
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical consideration on the number of external degrees of freedom and its application to poly(dimethylsiloxane) solutions (1980)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 3 (1980), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Flory theory of polymer solution was modified by assuming the non-additivity of the number of the degree of external freedom for a binary mixture and applied the modified Flory theory to poly (dimethylsiloxane)-solvent systems. This theory can reproduce the experimental results of the interaction parameter χ and the excess volume of mixing, which the Flory theory failed to reproduce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254871
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation study on heparin by intermediate-angle X-ray scattering (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 995-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation of heparin in water was investigated by intermediate-angle x-ray scattering (IAXS). The theoretical scattering function for the coil conformation was calculated by the Monte Carlo method using the approximation of separable conformation energies and the conformation energies computed for two disaccharide pairs in heparin. From x-ray scattering in a relatively small-angle region, the conformation of heparin is not the ordered 21 helix conformation but the coil conformation obtained by the Monte Carlo calculation. It is expected, from x-ray scattering in a relatively wide-angel region, that the sulfate groups of heparin maintain about 7 Å between them.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230603
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic studies based on corresponding states theory for solutions of polystyrene in ethyl methyl ketoneDedicated to Professor Dr. ICHIRO SAKURADA on his 70th birthday (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 197-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die FLORYsche Theorie über das Prinzip der übereinstimmenden Zustände für Polymerlösungen wurde geprüft, indem die theoretisch berechneten Parameter mit experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen wurden. Der osmotische Druck des Systems Polystyrol/Äthylmethylketon wurde für Polymerkonzentrationen zwischen 10 und 30% bei 10 bis 55°C gemessen. Unter Verwendung der Parameter X12 und Q12, die den erhaltenen Daten am besten entsprachen, wurden die berechneten Parameter mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Der Entropie-Parameter ψ1 sowie der Enthalpie-Parameter χH, 1 waren negativ und nahmen mit steigender Temperatur ab. Mit Hilfe der anpassungsfähigen Parameter X12 und Q12 gibt die FLORYsche Theorie die thermodynamischen Größen ziemlich gut wieder, obwohl eine geringe Abweichung von den experimentellen Ergebnissen zu bestehen scheint. Die SHULTZ-FLORYsche Methode zur Bestimmung der Theta;-Temperatur wurde auf der Grundlage dieser Theorie diskutiert.
    Notes: The polymer solution theory on the corresponding state principle developed by FLORY was examined by comparing the thermodynamic parameters calculated theoretically with experimental results. The osmotic pressure of the polystyrene/ethyl methyl ketone system was determined for solutions of polymer concentrations 10 to 30% at 10 to 55°C. Using X12 and Q12 parameters best fitting to these data, the calculated parameters were compared with experimental results. Both the entropy parameter ψ1 and enthalpy parameter χH, 1 were negative and decreased with increasing temperature. FLORY'S theory elucidates appreciably well the thermodynamic quantities with the use of the adjustable parameters X12 and Q12, but there seems to remain still some disagreement with experimental results. SHULTZ-FLORY'S method for determining the Θ-temperature was discussed based on this theory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750121
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray scattering study on concentration dependence of polymer chain dimension (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 827-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The concentration dependence of polymer chain dimensions was studied by a new type of “tagged polymer method” in small-angle X-ray scattering. A small fraction of partially iodinated polystyrene, the tagged polymer, was mixed with polystyrene in toluene. From the excess scattering originated from the iodine, the radius of gyration of the polystyrene chain (Mv = 110000) was estimated at various concentrations. It was found that the chain dimension decreases first rapidly and then decreases gradually with increasing polymer concentration, and that, in the bulk, it coincides with the unperturbed chain dimension. The result was compared with theoretical predictions. The theories applicable to low concentrations could predict well the chain dimension upto mass concentrations of ca.0,1 g/cm3, while the theories applicable to higher concentrations could not predict well the chain dimension at high concentrations. The conformation of the polymer chain was also discussed. More compact conformations than a random coil as well as the bundle model were not supported by the results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780319
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation study of poly(γ-methyl-L-glutamate) in helicogenic solvents by small-angle X-ray scattering (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 2499-2508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle x-ray scattering of poly(γ-methyl-L-glutamate), [Glu(OMe)]n, in m-cresol and in pyridine was measured to determine the mass per unit length, Mq, and the radius of gyration of the cross section, 〈Sq2〉1/2. It was confirmed from the values of Mq that [Glu(OMe)]n exists in an α-helical conformation in these solvents. It was elucidated from the calculations on 〈Sq2〉1/2 that the side chains come in moderately close contact with the main chain in these solvents. It was indicated from the analysis of the outer portion of the scattering curves that the side-chain conformation varied depending on the solvent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1981.360201203
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