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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubiquity of arsenobetaine in marine animals and degradation of arsenobetaine by sedimentary micro-organisms (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2 (1988), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Arsenobetaine ; trimethylarsine oxide ; marine animals ; micro-organisms ; arsenic metabolism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arsenic compounds were extracted with chloroform/methanol/water from tissues of marine animals (four carnivores, five herbivores, five plankton feeders). The extracts were purified by cation and anion exchange chromatography. Arsenobetaine [(CH3)3As+CH2COO-], dimethylarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsOOH], trimethylarsine oxide [(CH3)3AsO] and arsenite, arsenate, and methylarsonic acid [(CH3)AsO(OH)2] as a group with the same retention time were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Arsenic was determined in the collected fractions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Arsenobetaine found in all the animals was almost always the most abundant arsenic compound in the extracts. These results show that arsenobetaine is present in marine animals independently of their feeding habits and trophic levels.Arsenobetaine-containing growth media (ZoBell 2216E; solution of inorganic salts) were mixed with coastal marine sediments as the source of microorganisms. Arsenobetaine was converted in both media to trimethylarsine oxide and trimethylarsine oxide was converted to arsenite, arsenate or methylarsonic acid but not to dimethylarsinic acid. The conversion rates in the inorganic medium were faster than in the ZoBell medium. Two dominant bacterial strains isolated from the inorganic medium and identified as members of the Vibro-Aeromonas group were incapable of degrading arsenobetaine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590020415
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and degradation of arsenobetaine by the microorganisms occurring in sediments (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 9 (1995), S. 573-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: arsenic ; arsenobetaine ; microorganisms ; uptake ; degradation ; conversion ; trimethylarsine oxide ; dimethylarsinic acid ; inorganic arsenic ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have reported the degradation of arsenobetaine [(CH3)3As+CH2COO-] to inorganic arsenic by microorganisms from various marine origins such as sediments. However, there was no information as to the fate of the ingested arsenobetaine within the body of the microorganisms before excretion.In this study, arsenobetaine and sediments were added to two culture media (1/5 Zobell 2216E and a solution of inorganic salts) and aerobically incubated at 25°C in the dark. Despite the degradation and complete disappearance of arsenobetaine from the filtrates of the incubation mixtures, the major arsenic compound from the microorganisms harvested from the mixtures was identified by HPLC as arsenobetaine throughout the incubation period. The presence of arsenobetaine was further confirmed by TLC and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS). A minor arsenical also present in the incubated microorganisms, dimethylarsinic acid, was detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590090712
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytotoxicological aspects of organic arsenic compounds contained in marine products using the mammalian cell culture technique (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: arsenobetaine ; arsenocholine ; trimethylarsine oxide ; tetramethylarsonium iodide ; organic arsenic compound ; arsenite ; arsenate ; marine organisms ; cytotoxicity ; chromosomal aberration ; sister chromatid exchange (SCE) ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide and tetramethylarsonium iodide, which are contained in marine fishery products, were examined for their potencies on cell growth inhibition, chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Arseno- betaine, the major water-soluble organic arsenic compound in marine animals, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. This compound showed no cell growth inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg cm-3 and the cytotoxicity was lower than 1/14 000th of that of sodium arsenite and 1/1600th of that of sodium arsenate towards BALB/c 3T3 cells. The chromosomal aberrations caused by arsenobetaine at a concentration of 10 mg cm-3 consisted mainly of chromatid gaps and chromatid breaks, but in this concentration chromosomal breakage owing to its osmotic pressure is likely to be considerable. No SCE was observed at a concentration of 1 mg cm-3. Arsenocholine and trimethylarsine oxide also showed no cell growth inhibited at a concentration of 10 mg cm-3. However, tetramethylarsonium iodide inhibition the growth of BALB/c 3T3 at a concentration of 8 mg cm-3. These compounds exhibited a low ability to induce chromosomal aberrations at a concentration range of 2-10 mg cm-3 and no SCE was observed at a concentration of 1.0 mg cm-3. These results suggested that the major and minor organic arsenic compounds contained in marine fishery products are much less cytotoxic inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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