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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Soil and Meteorologic Data Bases in Unsaturated Zone Modeling of Pesticides (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 10 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Various types of models are being used to evaluate pesticide transport and transformation in the unsaturated zone. Model predictions can be used, for example, to develop alternative agricultural management strategies for pesticide use. However, intensive data requirements for transient models sometimes deter their use. Site-specific measurements are preferred, but existing data bases can be used as a source of required model parameters, especially weather and soil characteristics. These existing data bases make possible the use of models to predict leaching potential in a wide variety of environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00026.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Aleuronzellen des keimenden Getreides (1989)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368305
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of aldicarb residues in Long Island, New York potable wells (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1987), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After aldicarb residues were detected in Long Island, New York ground water in 1979, the manufacturer agreed to provide carbon filters for potable wells exceeding the New York guideline of 7 μg/L. Analyses of samples taken from these wells in the past six years indicate aldicarb residue levels are declining in Long Island groundwater. Of the 1,218 wells which received carbon filters in 1980–1981, 55% no longer contain residues exceeding 7 μg/L (an additional 24% could not be sampled during 1984–1985). Although approximately 2,500 homes have received filters through October, 1986, the total number of wells with residues exceeding 7 μg/L is now about 1,400. The results suggest that by the end of the decade only a small number of potable wells will contain aldicarb residues above 7 μg/L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055414
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of barley α-amylase genes inXenopus laevis oocytes (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 333-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aleurone ; α-Amylase gene expression ; Gene expression (Xenopus oocytes) ; Hordeum (α-amylase genes) ; cDNA clones (α-amylase) ; Xenopus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and secretion of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) fromXenopus laevis oocytes injected with plasmids containing barley α-amylase complementary DNA (cDNA), genomic DNA, or synthetic α-amylase mRNA were studied. α-Amylase accumulated within the oocytes beginning 12 h after injection of DNA and in the medium 12 h later as a result of secretion. S1 mapping showed that the transcription of genomic DNA was initiated at the same site in oocytes as in barley aleurone, but that the transcription of cDNAs was less precise than that of genomic DNA. The α-amylase secreted by oocytes injected with either RNA or DNA had a molecular mass (Mr) of 44000 daltons (Da) and was indistinguishable from native barley α-amylase in size, isoelectric point, antigenicity and enzymatic activity. Isoelectric focussing showed that two enzymatically active isoforms of α-amylase were synthesized and secreted from oocytes injected with synthetic RNA or DNA. The results permit us to assign specific electrophoretic bands to specific cDNA clones. We conclude that theXenopus oocyte is a promising surrogate system for the study of transcription and translation of plant genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160388
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal regulation of Ca2+ transport in the endomembrane system of the barley aleurone (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 189 (1993), S. 507-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Aleurone ; Calcium transport ; Endomembrane system ; Gibberellin ; Hordeum (Ca2+transport)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulate α-amylase production in aleurone tissue of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain during germination. Since α-amylase is a Ca2+-containing protein that is synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we investigated the possibility that GA3 and ABA regulate the flux of Ca2+ into the ER of aleurone cells. Membrane vesicles were isolated from GA3- and ABA-treated aleurone layers to characterize the effect of these hormones on calcium transport (CaT) activity as measured by the uptake of 45CaCl2 in vitro. We found that ABA and GA3 greatly alter the relative amounts of CaT activity in ER and tonoplast (TP) membrane fractions. Treatment with GA3 results in CaT being associated primarily with the ER, whereas treatment with ABA results in roughly equal amounts of CaT in ER and TP. Moreover, we found that ABA prevents or reverses the GA3-induced increase in CaT in the ER. The effects of ABA and GA3 on CaT in the ER require several hours to develop, and the effects of these hormones on CaT cannot be brought about by adding the hormones to membranes in vitro. In order to determine whether the in-vitro measurements of CaT reflect changes that occur in vivo we measured the Ca2+ content of isolated ER, measured Ca2+ transport into aleurone layers, and examined differences in the ability of ER proteins from GA- and ABA-treated layers to bind Ca2+. Our results indicate that GA3 increases and ABA decreases both Ca2+ flux into the ER and the amount of calcium that accumulates in the ER of barley aleurone cells in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198213
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calmodulin stimulation of unidirectional calcium uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum of barley aleurone (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aleurone ; Calcium uptake ; Calmodulin ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Gibberellic acid ; Hordeum ; (Ca2+ uptake)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of calmodulin (CaM) in gibberellic acid (GA3)-stimulated Ca2+ uptake was investigated in endomembranes isolated from aleurone cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Unidirectional Ca2+ -uptake activity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was higher in membranes isolated from aleurone layers treated for 16 h with GA3 and Ca2+ compared with those isolated from layers incubated in Ca2+ alone. However, the level of uptake from Ca2+-treated tissue could be stimulated to that of the GA3-treated cells by applying exogenous CaM which increased the V max of the Ca2+ transporter approximately threefold. Calcium uptake in ER from GA3-treated tissue was inhibited by the CaM antagonist W7 in 50% of experiments, whereas the activity in membranes from non-GA3-treated tissue was unaffected. Treatment with GA3 also led to a twofold increase in CaM levels in aleurone layers within 4–6 h, paralleling the time course of the stimulation of Ca2+ uptake and preceding the stimulation of α-amylase secretion. We propose that the elevation of Ca2+ uptake into the ER induced by GA3 may be coordinated and regulated by elevated levels of membrane-associated CaM and this may regulate Ca2+-dependent α-amylase synthesis in the lumen of the ER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196956
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the release of barley aleurone cell proteins: Autoradiography (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 119 (1974), S. 207-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Both uptake and incorporation of radioactivity from [3H]l-leucine into gibberellic-acid (GA3)-treated aleurone layers of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was enhanced by pretreatment with 5 mM potassium bromate. The effect of 5 mM KBrO3 on amino-acid incorporation was quantitative rather than qualitative and could be partly reversed by the addition of neutralized casein hydrolysate at 10 mg/ml. Autoradiographs of GA3-treated aleurone cells pulsed with [3H]leucine showed distribution of silver grains predominantly over the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and aleurone grains. After chasing with carrier l-leucine for 60 min, fewer silver grains were associated with the ER and aleurone grains while nearly half of the silver was associated with the ground cytoplasm of the cell. Autoradiographs were prepared from aleurone cells previously stratified by ultracentrifugation. After a 10-min pulse of label, the silver grains were found over the central ER zone of centrifuged cells; however, with an increase in duration of the chase, label was found distributed throughout the aleurone grain and spherosome region of the cell. The silver grains which were located over the central zone of centrifuged cells at the end of the pulse were almost exclusively associated with the ER. There is no evidence for association of label with dictyosomes or with vesicles derived from dictyosomes. The experimental evidence indicates that labelled amino acids are incorporated into aleurone cells on the ER and are released from these cells without the participation of a membrane-bound vesicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429045
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellin metabolism in excised lettuce hypocotyls: Response to GA9 and the conversion of [3H]GA9 (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell elongation ; Gibberellins ; Lactuca
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Elongation growth and gibberellin (GA9) metabolism in excised hypocotyls of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Arctic) were investigated. Exogenously supplied GA9 stimulates elongation of hypocotyl sections and this response is intermediate between that elicited by GA1 or GA20 and GA4/7 mixture. Although uptake of radioactivity from [3H]GA9 increases with time, this gibberellin does not accumulate in the tissue but is rapidly converted to a compound with HPLC properties resembling those of [3H]GA20. After 2 h incubation in [3H]GA9, the presumptive GA20 represents 90% of the acidic ethyl acetate-soluble radioactivity in the tissue. Radioactivity is also associated with an acidic butanol-soluble fraction containing two components resolvable by HVE. The major component is similar in electrophoretic properties to a GA-glucosyl ether while the other compares to a GA-glucosyl ester. Conversion of [3H]GA9 to its [3H]GA20-like metabolite is reduced by addition of carrier GA9 or GA4/7 at concentrations as low as 1 μM, while GA1, GA3 and L-proline are without effect. Formation of the GA20-like compound can be blocked by the addition of 2,2′-dipyridyl, and this inhibitory effect of dipyridyl can be reversed by addition of Fe2+. At 200 μM dipyridyl, elongation growth as well as [3H]GA9 metabolism are reduced by 80%. The relationship of the metabolism of GA9 to the growth response is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384913
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the synthesis and transport of α-amylase in barley aleurone layers (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 156 (1982), S. 421-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aleurone ; α-Amylase ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Gibberellin and enzyme formation ; Hordeum (α-amylase in aleurone)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The subcellular site of α-amylase (EC 1.6.2.1) synthesis and transport was studied in barley aleurone layers incubated in the presence or absence of gibberellic acid (GA3). Using [35S]methionine as a marker, the site of amino-acid incorporation into organelles isolated from aleurone layers incubated with and without GA3 was determined following purification by isopycnic sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. Incorporation of radioactivity into trichloroacetic-acid-insoluble proteins was greatest in those fractions exhibiting activity of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker enzyme. Further fractionation of densitygradient fractions by sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that a major portion of the radioactivity in the ER fractions was present in a protein co-migrating with marker α-amylase. This protein was identified as authentic α-amylase by immunoadsorbent chromatography and affinity chromatography. The newly synthesized α-amylase associated with the ER was shown to be sequenstered within the lumen of the ER by experiments which showed that the enzyme was resistant to proteolytic degradation. The labelled α-amylase sequestered in the ER can be chased from this organelle when tissue is incubated in unlabelled methionine following a 1-h pulse of labelled methionine. The isoenzymic forms of α-amylase found in tissue homogenates and incubation media of aleurone layers incubated with and without GA3 were characterized after chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. In homogenates of GA3-treated aleurone layers, five peaks of α-amylase activity were detected, while in homogenates of aleurone layers incubated with-out GA3 only three peaks of activity were found. In incubation media, four isoenzymes were found after GA3 treatment and two were found after incubation without GA3. We conclude that at least five α-amylase isoenzymes are synthesized by the ER of barley aleurone layers and that this membrane system is involved in the sequestration and transport of four of these isoenzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393313
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of barley aleurone cells (1969)
    Springer
    Planta 85 (1969), S. 359-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural morphology of both dry and water-imbibed barley aleurone cells is described. The aleurone cell is characterized by the presence of numerous aleurone grains and spherosomes. In addition, it contains organelles typical of other plant cells including structures similar to microbodies, and rough endoplasmic reticulum characterized by the presence of numerous polyribosomes. It is inferred that the morphological specialization of aleurone cells is related to their biochemical specialization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381284
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