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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between two types of vesicular glutamate transporters and neurokinin-1 receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex of rats: light and electron microscopic studies (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our previous study demonstrated GABAergic and glycinergic synapses onto neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R)-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), the hypothesized kernel of normal respiratory rhythmogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to identify glutamatergic synapses onto NK1R-ir pre-BötC neurons, as excitatory synaptic transmission is a prerequisite to normal respiratory rhythmogenesis. Two types of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT), VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, have been recently implicated in glutamate-mediated transmission. The present study used immunofluorescence and immunogold-silver staining to determine the relationship between the transporters and NK1R-ir neurons in the pre-BötC of adult rats. Under the confocal laser-scanning microscope, VGLUT2-ir boutons were found to be widely distributed in the pre-BötC, some of which were in close apposition to NK1R-ir somas and dendrites. VGLUT1-ir boutons were relatively rare and only a few were found to be in close apposition to NK1R-ir somas and dendrites. Electron microscopic observation revealed that approximately 41% of VGLUT2-ir terminals were in close apposition to, or made asymmetric synapses with NK1R-ir somas and dendrites in the pre-BötC. On the other hand, 50.5% of NK1R-ir dendrites were closely apposed to, or synapsed with VGLUT2-ir terminals. Occasionally, VGLUT1-ir terminals were found in close apposition to NK1R-ir somas or dendrites, but we were unable to identify synapses between them. The present findings provide the morphological basis for excitatory synaptic inputs onto NK1R-ir neurons in the pre-BötC. VGLUT2 may be involved in a dominant excitatory synaptic pathway for normal respiratory rhythmogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02418.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABAergic and glycinergic synapses onto neurokinin-1 receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex of rats: light and electron microscopic studies (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) in the ventrolateral medulla is thought to be the kernel for respiratory rhythm generation. Neurons in the preBötC contain intense neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) immunoreactivity. Some of these neurons in the adult preBötC are presumed to be the pre-inspiratory interneurons that are essential for generating respiratory rhythm in the neonate. Chloride-mediated synaptic inhibition is critical for rhythmogenesis in the adult. The present study used immunofluorescence histochemistry and immunogold-silver staining to determine the inhibitory synaptic relationship between glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)- or glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2)-immunoreactive (ir) boutons and NK1R-ir neurons in the preBötC of adult rats. Under the confocal microscope, we found that GAD- and GlyT2-ir boutons were in close apposition to NK1R-ir somas and dendrites in the preBötC. Under the electron microscope, GAD- and GlyT2-ir terminals were in close apposition to NK1R-ir somas and dendrites. Symmetric synapses were identified between GAD- or GlyT2-ir terminals and NK1R-ir neurons. A total of 51.6% GAD-ir and 38.2% GlyT2-ir terminals were found to contact or make synapses with NK1R-ir profiles, respectively. GAD- and GlyT2-ir terminals synapsed not only upon NK1R-ir neurons but also upon NK1R immuno-negative neurons. NK1R-ir neurons received both symmetric (presumed inhibitory) and asymmetric (presumed excitatory) synapses. Thus, the present findings provide the morphological basis for inhibitory inputs to NK1R-ir neurons in the preBötC, consistent with the suggestion that chloride-mediated synaptic inhibition may contribute importantly to rhythm generation by controlling the membrane potential trajectory and resetting rhythmic bursting of the kernel neurons in the adult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02163.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tir-binding region of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli intimin is sufficient to trigger actin condensation after bacterial-induced host cell signalling (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has emerged as an important agent of diarrhoeal disease. Attachment to host cells, an essential step during intestinal colonization by EHEC, is associated with the formation of a highly organized cytoskeletal structure containing filamentous actin, termed an attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion, directly beneath bound bacteria. The outer membrane protein intimin is required for the formation of this structure, as is Tir, a bacterial protein that is translocated into the host cell and is thought to function as a receptor for intimin. To understand intimin function better, we fused EHEC intimin to a homologous protein, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin, or to maltose-binding protein. The N-terminal 539 amino acids of intimin were sufficient to promote outer membrane localization of the C-terminus of invasin and, conversely, the N-terminal 489 amino acids of invasin were sufficient to promote the localization of the C-terminus of intimin. The C-terminal 181 residues of intimin were sufficient to bind mammalian cells that had been preinfected with an enteropathogenic E. coli strain that expresses Tir but not intimin. Binding of intimin derivatives to preinfected cells correlated with binding to recombinant Tir protein. Finally, the 181-residue minimal Tir-binding region of intimin, when purified and immobilized on latex beads, was sufficient to trigger A/E lesions on preinfected mammalian cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01574.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Point mutants of EHEC intimin that diminish Tir recognition and actin pedestal formation highlight a putative Tir binding pocket (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Attachment to host cells by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is associated with the formation of a highly organized cytoskeletal structure containing filamentous actin, termed an attaching and effacing (AE) lesion. Intimin, an outer membrane protein of EHEC, is required for the formation of AE lesions, as is Tir, a bacterial protein that is translocated into the host cell to function as a receptor for intimin. We established a yeast two-hybrid assay for intimin–Tir interaction and, after random mutagenesis, isolated 24 point mutants in intimin, which disrupted Tir recognition in this system. Analysis of 11 point mutants revealed a correlation between recognition of recombinant Tir and the ability to trigger AE lesions. Many of the mutations fell within a 50-residue region near the C-terminus of intimin. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of this region revealed four residues (Ser890, Thr909, Asn916 and Asn927) that are critical for Tir recognition. Mapping the sequences of EHEC intimin and Tir onto the crystal structure of the intimin–Tir complex of enteropathogenic E. coli predicts that each of these four intimin residues lies at the intimin–Tir interface and contributes to a pocket that interacts with Ile298 of EHEC Tir. Thus, this genetic approach to intimin function both identified residues critical for Tir binding and demonstrated a correlation between the ability to bind Tir and the ability to trigger actin focusing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03137.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that the gene encoding ZDHHC8 contributes to the risk of schizophrenia (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 725-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Using a relatively dense genetic map of 72 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the entire 1.5-Mb locus on chromosome 22q11 associated with susceptibilit to schizophrenia, we previously identified two subregions that were consistently associated with the disease. In the distal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1375
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polynomial ambiguity resistant precoders: Theory and applications in ISI/multipath cancellation (2000)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 19 (2000), S. 71-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, precoding techniques are studied for combating the intersymbol interference (ISI)/multipath effects in communication systems. We introduce a new type-precoder which we term thepolynomial ambiguity resistant (PAR) precoder for its ability to resist signal distortion induced by finite impulse response (FIR) channels. In particular, the precoder allows a receiver to identify an input signal without knowing the channel characteristics at the expense of a minimum amount of bandwidth increase. A family of such precoders, which is linear (no modulo operations), channel independent, and modulation pattern preserving (except for some occasional 0 symbols), is presented. Also presented is a closed-form algorithm that can simultaneously identify the input signals and zero-forcing equalizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212464
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video-assisted endoscopic esophagectomy with stapled intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 745-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On peut enlever l'oesophage thoracique soit par voie transhiatale soit par thoracotomie. L'incision, relativement longue, et l'écartement des côtes nécessaires sont, cependant, sources de douleurs et perturbent la mécanique de la paroi thoracique. Aujourd'hui, grâce à la chirurgie vidéo-assistée, on peut envisager l'ablation de beaucoup de lésions intrathoraciques par de toutes petites incisions. Depuis Mars 1992, nous avons effectué 20 oesophagectomies suivies de rétablissement de continuité par thoracoscopie droite chez 16 hommes et 4 femmes dont l'âge moyen était de 56 ans. Les indications ont été un cancer de l'oesophage chez 17 (cancer épidermoïde chez 12 et adénocarcinome chez 5), et une sténose caustique chez trois patients. D'après nos résultats, l'oesophagectomie suivie de rétablissement de continuité par chirurgie vidéo-assistée est associée à moins de traumatisme, moins d'inconfort postopératoire et à une meilleure récupération fonctionnelle. Notre expérience initiale montre qu'elle est réalisable et efficace.
    Abstract: Resumen El esófago torácico fue resecado a través del método transhiatal o mediante toracotomía abierta. La larga incisión torácica y la separación de las costillas resultó en mucho dolor y considerable interferencia con la mecánica de la pared torácica. En la actualidad, gracias al desarrollo de los procedimientos endoscópicos video-asistidos, un número significativo de lesiones intratorácicas son susceptibles de resección a través de incisiones pequeñas. A partir de marzo de 1992 bemos intentado 20 esofagectomías con reconstrucción utilizando un abordaje toracoscópico derecho en 16 hombres y 4 mujeres cuya edad promedio fue 56 años. Las indicaciones para la intervención fueron cáncer del esófago en 17 pacientes (carcinoma escamocelular en 12, adenocarcinoma en 5) y estenosis cáustica en 3. Es nuestra impresión que la esofagectomía y reconstrucción endoscópica video-asistida produce menos trauma y menos incomodidad postoperatoria con recuperación funcional más rápida. Nuestra experiencia inicial demuestra que el procedimiento es factible y efectivo.
    Notes: Abstract Thoracic esophagus was usually removed through the transhiatal approach or via an open thoracotomy. The long incision and spreading of the ribs usually resulted in much pain and interference with chest wall mechanics. Today, with the development of a video-assisted endoscopic procedure, many intrathoracic lesions can be removed through small incision. Since March 1992 we have attempted 20 esophagectomies and reconstruction using a right thoracoscopic approach in 16 males and 4 females whose average age was 56 years. Indications for its use were esophageal cancer in 17 patients (squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, adenocarcinoma in 5) and caustic stenosis in 3. It is our impression that video-assisted endoscopic esophagectomy and reconstruction potentially causes less trauma, less postoperative discomfort, and a rapid functional recuperation. Our initial experiences showed that it is a feasible, effective procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295920
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technique of Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for the Spine: New Approach (1997)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 21 (1997), S. 358-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although video-assisted thoracoscopy has only recently been applied to treat a variety of thoracic spine lesions, many problems and difficulties are encountered with this technique owing to limited trocar space and lack of suitable endoscopic instruments. Between November 1995 and March 1996, we practiced a new approach for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the “extended manipulating channel method,” for treating 18 patients with thoracic spinal lesions endoscopically. The thoracoscopic portals were made larger (usually 3–4 cm) and placed slightly more posterior than usual, which allows use of a combination of conventional spinal instruments and video-assisted thoracoscopy to enter the chest cavity and be manipulated similar to that with techniques used for standard open surgical procedures. In our series the endoscopic spinal procedures included biopsy only ( n = 1), thoracic discectomy ( n = 1), multilevel anterior discectomy and fusion ( n = 1), corpectomy for decompression ( n = 4), decompressions and interbody fusions ( n = 10), and internal instrumentations ( n = 4). Throughout the operation only one trocar was used for introducing the thoracoscope. There were no intraoperative deaths, and no patients showed neurologic deterioration due to the procedures. We conclude that such a technique makes thoracoscopy-assisted spinal surgery simpler and easier and has proved to be an effective, promising procedure. It does not appear to compromise the therapeutic goals set for the patients. The intraoperative vessel bleeding can be easily controlled, and the number of portals for the procedures can be reduced (on average, three portals are enough). Few endoscopic materials were used with our patients, and thus the total economic cost to the patients was reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012253
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Spontaneous Hemopneumothorax (1998)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 22 (1998), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We operated on 403 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax between 1992 and 1996. Among these cases, 11 (2.7%) were spontaneous hemopneumothorax. The patients were all men, with ages ranging from 19 to 28 years (mean 23.8 years). The amount of blood drainage ranged from 650 to 2300 ml. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed on these patients within 1 day after admission. The sources of bleeding were in the parietal and visceral pleurae of ruptured bullae ( n = 6), the parietal pleura ( n = 4), or the visceral pleura ( n = 1). During operation, the ruptured bullae can be managed by an endoscopic linear stapler for a bullectomy, and the bleeding parietal pleura of the torn adhesion can be coagulated directly. Postoperative recovery of the 11 patients was uneventful, and they were discharged 4 to 10 days after the operation. No recurrence of spontaneous hemopneumothorax or any other complications occurred during follow-up. Thus spontaneous hemopneumothorax can be readily managed by cauterizing a bleeding site where appropriate, excising the apicocystic disease, and pleurodesis. As a minimally invasive method, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be considered an initial treatment procedure in patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900344
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thoracoscopic Surgery for Spontaneous Pneumothorax (1999)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 23 (1999), S. 1133-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Spontaneous pneumothorax in apparently healthy individuals is a relatively common occurrence. The management of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax remains controversial. With the advances in thoracoscopic techniques and instrumentation, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is now accepted by many as the procedure of choice for surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. We report our combined experience with 757 patients who suffered from recurrent or persistent spontaneous pneumothorax treated by VATS over a 5-year period. Surgical indications included persistent air leak (n= 165), recurrence (n= 325), radiologically demonstrated huge bulla (n= 12), spontaneous hemopneumothorax (n= 13), incomplete expansion of the lung (n= 212), and bilateral involvement (n= 30). Several surgical procedures were undertaken, based on the thoracoscopic findings: endoscopic stapled bullectomy (n= 312), argon beam coagulation (n= 6), endoscopic suturing (n= 52), and endoloop ligation (n= 352). In 49 cases, mechanical or chemical pleurodesis was the only procedure performed. There were no mortalities or intraoperative hazards. Complications consisted of wound infections (n= 16), localized empyema (n= 2), chest wall bleeding (n= 1), and persistent air leaks (bulla type III) (n= 31). The median duration of the operation was 55 minutes (15–160 minutes), and the average postoperative hospital stay was 4.5 days (range 0–27 days). There were 16 recurrences (2.1%), after a mean follow-up of 30 months (range 1–60 months). Seven patients had recurrence from 9 to 17 months after stapled bullectomy. All the remaining patients had recurrence after failed pleurodesis. On the basis of our results, we conclude that video-assisted thoracoscopic management allows effective, safe performance of standard surgical procedures, avoiding a formal thoracotomy incision. We consider thoracoscopy the treatment of choice for patients with pneumothorax requiring surgical therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900636
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