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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 179 (1984), S. 218-223 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine analytische HPLC-Methode zur Bestimmung von Agaritin, einem im Zuchtchampignon (Agaricus bisporus) natürlich vorkommenden Inhaltsstoff beschrieben. Agaritin wurde mit Methanol aus der gefriergetrockneten, homogenisierten Pilzprobe extrahiert und der filtrierte Extrakt mit Phosphat-Puffer verdünnt. Ein Aliquot dieser Lösung wurde direkt verwendet für die HPLC-Auftrennung auf einer Kationenaustauscher-Säule (Partisil SCX) mit Phosphat-Puffer 0,5 mMol/l pH 1,8) als mobile Phase und UV-Detektion bei 237 nm. Die Agaritin-Gehalte in frischen Zuchtchampignons waren im Bereich 94–629 mg/kg Frischgewicht. Abgetropfte Dosenpilze enthielten lediglich 1–55 mg/kg, während im Pilzsaft 3–103 mg/l nachgewiesen wurde. Die höchsten Agaritin-Gehalte (2110–6906 mg/kg) wurden in Trockenpilzen aus dem Handel gefunden.
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for the determination of agaritine in the commercial mushroomAgaricus bisporus by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Agaritine was extracted from the mushroom sample with methanol and the filtered extract diluted with phosphate buffer. An aliquot of this solution was used directly for the HPLC-separation on a cation exchange column (Partisil SCX) with 0.5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 1.8) as mobile phase and u.v. monitoring at 237 nm. The agaritine content in fresh mushrooms was found to be in the range of 94–629 mg/kg fresh weight. Canned mushrooms contained 1–55 mg/kg drained weight with 3–103 mg/l in the liquid. The highest agaritine values were found in dried commercial mushrooms amounting to 2,110–6,905 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 206 (1998), S. 399-403 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Coeliac disease ; ELISA ; PCR ; Wheat prolamins ; Oats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  It is well established that the consumption of wheat prolamins causes the characteristic symptoms of coeliac disease (CD) in subjects who are predisposed to it. There is currently much discussion about the role of oats in the pathogenesis of CD. Evidently, it is important that oats used for clinical studies are not contaminated with wheat. In this study, 38 oat samples were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): 30 samples consisted of flakes or grains and 8 probes were industrially processed oat diets. Wheat prolamin (gliadin) detection by ELISA showed that 16 of these samples contained less than the detection limit of 0.2 mg gliadin/100 g dry weight; 21 samples contained less than 2.8 mg gliadin/100 g dry weight and 1 sample reached 38 mg gliadin/100 g dry weight, clearly exceeding the allowed Swiss limit of 10 mg gliadin/100 g dry weight for gluten-free products. Spiking experiments showed that the wheat PCR system is about ten times more sensitive than the ELISA system, provided that the isolated DNA is fully amplifiable. Thus, wheat DNA could be detected by the wheat PCR system in ten samples with gliadin contents below the detection limit of the ELISA system used. Applying a eukaryote-specific 18S-PCR system the presence of amplifiable DNA was verified. Only two of eight samples of industrially processed oat products contained amplifiable DNA, the other six samples had no detectable DNA left. One sample was wheat-PCR positive. However, all eight samples contained detectable amounts of gliadin in the ELISA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 207 (1998), S. 81-90 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Genetically modified organisms ; Food ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Tofu ; Lecithin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA) as normal compounds of many foodstuffs have so far been of minor interest with respect to human and animal nutrition. Through the approval of various genetically modified crops in the United States and Europe in recent years, these nucleic acids (NA) have become an important tool in food analysis. The reason for this is that in most cases the discrimination between a genetically modified foodstuff and an unmodified one can best be achieved directly at the DNA level by means of proving the presence or absence of the introduced gene(s). So far, the various methods that can be used to purify DNA for such types of analysis have rarely been compared in a comprehensive manner. In this work the effects of nine different extraction methods on yield and quality of previously purified high-molecular-weight DNA from soya beans and of total NA from tofu, soya flour and lecithin have been tested. Quantification was accomplished using UV absorption at 260 nm and quality assessment of the DNA was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the soya bean-specific lectin 1 system. Using this approach we assessed the limits of DNA amplification for each food sample extracted using different extraction protocols. It was demonstrated that extraction methods using NA-binding resins like Wizard or DNeasy resulted in comparatively low yields. However, the DNA extracted with these methods is of high quality and suitable for downstream processing like PCR. Simpler and faster methods resulted in relatively high yields of NA but of relatively poor quality. Inhibition of PCR was observed due to one of the buffers used during NA extraction. Finally, the different extraction methods used in this study were compared with respect to the costs and the time needed to perform the extractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 207 (1998), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Quantitative competitive PCR ; Roundup Ready soybean ; Maximizer maize ; GMO ; Food analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The surveillance of food labelling concerning genetically modified organisms (GMOs) requires DNA-based analytical techniques. Present assay systems allow the detection of GMO in food; however, they do not permit their quantitation. In this study, we report the development of quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) systems for the detection and quantitation of the Roundup Ready soybean (RRS) and the Maximizer maize (MM) in food samples. Three DNA fragments that differ from the GMO-specific sequences by an insertion were constructed and used as internal standards in the PCR. These standards were calibrated by co-amplifying with mixtures containing RRS DNA and MM DNA, respectively. The calibrated QC-PCR systems were applied to nine commercial food samples containing RRS DNA and to three certified RRS flour mixtures in order to elucidate whether these food samples contain more or less than 1% RRS DNA. Finally, the GMO contents of four samples that were found to contain more than 1% RRS were determined by QC-PCR using various amounts of standard DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 42 (1997), S. 38-42 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bis zum Jahr 2000 sollte es in allen Mitgliedstaaten anhaltende Bestrebungen geben, mit denen man gesunde Lebensgewohnheiten aktiv fördert und unterstützt, indem man für ausgewogene Ernährung, sinnvolle körperliche Betätigung, gesundes Sexualverhalten und gute Stressbewältigung eintritt und andere Aspekte eines positiven Gesundheitsverhaltens betont.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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