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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertrophy as a response to denervation in skeletal muscle (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 76 (1972), S. 146-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The effect of denervating the hemidiaphragm of the quokka (Setonyx brachyurus), hamster, guinea pig and bat (Myotis pallidus) was determined. The hemidiaphragm of the quokka neither hypertrophied nor atrophied during the period of 171 days (Fig. 1). The hemidiaphragm of the hamster exhibited a slight hypertrophy, about 5%, during the first week and by 28 days atrophy of 13% had occurred (Fig. 2). The hemidiaphragm of the guinea pig exhibited no hypertrophy but by 30–35 days atrophy of 15% had occurred (Fig. 3). In the bat levels of hypertrophy to 30% occurred but the average during the first 2 weeks was only 8%. Atrophy of 9.5% had occurred by 3 weeks (Fig. 4A). 2. Bats kept at 2–3° C or 10° C after denervation of the hemidiaphragm exhibited average extents of hypertrophy comparable to that occurring at room temperature (Fig. 4 B). 3. Various limb muscles were denervated for comparison. The biceps brachii muscles of the quokka atrophied 15% by 2 weeks and 35% by 35 days (Fig. 1). The gastrocnemius-soleus muscles of the hamster had atrophied 40% by 14 days, 55% by 28 days, while the plantaris muscle atrophied more slowly, 31% and 46% by 14 and 28 days respectively (Fig. 2). The major wing extensors of the forearm, the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis, exhibited a significant hypertrophy in the bat averaging 4.3% during the first 24 days (Fig. 5). No atrophy occurred during a period up to 42 days. These muscles are maintained in the extended position by folding of the wing after denervation. 4. The report of Gutmann (1960) that hypertrophy of the anterior tibial muscle of the rat occurred during the first 24 hours after denervation as evidenced by an increase in non collagenous protein nitrogen was not confirmed. No increase in this component or in wet or dry weight was observed (Table 2). 5. The report of Feng et al. (1962) that hypertrophy of the anterior latissimus dorsi and atrophy of the posterior latissimus dorsi of the chicken occurs after denervation was confirmed. The teres minor of the chicken, which is stretched by drooping of the wing after denervation, exhibited hypertrophies to 62% during the first 30 days. Atrophy was not observed (Fig. 6). 6. The anterior latissimus dorsi of the pigeon exhibited increases in dry weight to 43% during the first month after denervation. The deltoideus major, deltoideus minor, and scapulotriceps of the pigeon exhibited atrophies of 45% by 20–23 days (Fig. 7). When the wings of the pigeon were supported by a cast atrophy of the denervated anterior latissimus dorsi occurred, reaching 38% by 18–20 days (Fig. 8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455959
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytomorphology and function of the pericardial appendages of Nautilus (Cephalopoda, Tetrabranchiata) (1985)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 105 (1985), S. 16-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The pericardial appendages (glands) are the principal excretory organs of the tetrabranchiate cephalopods. They were studied in Nautilus macromphalus and N. pompilius using light and electron microscopical methods. The four organs, which are homologous with the branchial heart complex in Coleoida, appear to represent a phylogenetically archaic state. Actually, they have had to take over the primary functions of secretion, and it will be seen that they are highly evolved. They are built up of numerous contractile villi which can be subdivided into three functionally important areas: the folded peripheral epithelium functioning particularly in reabsorption, the primarily secretory epithelium of the apical infoldings of the villi, and the ovoid cells with foot processes building up an ultra-filtration barrier. The filtrate seems to be expelled into the terminal secretory epithelium of the apical infoldings and not directly into the coelom. Within the brush border of the peripheral epithelia there are commensal flagellated bacteria, which may occupy an ecological niche similar to that of Dicyemida in the renal sacs of coleoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312069
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The channel cell of the terrestrial slug Ariolimax columbianus (Stylommatophora, Arionidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Channel cell ; Slug ; Particle transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies were carried out to identify the route by which macromolecules and large volumes of fluid traverse the skin of terrestrial gastropods. Electron micrographs of the skin of the banana slug Ariolimax columbianus demonstrated that carbon particles can enter large, specialized cells and pass thence to the exterior. These cells, which are termed channel cells, range up to 500 μm in length; they reach from the external surface of the skin to deep within the subepithelial interstitium. At the light-microscope level they show a large central channel or reservoir apparently filled with homogeneous fluid; after injection of ink into the body cavity this central channel becomes ink-filled. Electron micrographs show cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, opening from the cell surface and occasionally traversing the entire cytoplasmic layer. The neurohormone arginine vasotocin stimulates fluid and particle movement through the channel cell; this response is inhibited by norepinephrine. Fluid output is dependent on the presence of a transwall hydrostatic pressure gradient of about 7 torr or above, as well as on activation of the channel cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213734
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and lysis of mucin-containing granules in epidermal secretions of the terrestrial slug Ariolimax columbianus (Mollusca: Gastropoda:Pulmonata) (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenosine triphosphate ; Freeze-fixation ; Mucus ; Mucin release ; Secretory process ; Ariolimax columbianus (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The giant mucous cells in the skin of the terrestrial banana slug Ariolimax columbianus secret intact granules containing mucins. Electron microscopy, after ultrarapid freezing and freeze-substitution in osmium, shows that the secreted granules are bounded by two distinct membranes, presumably derived from the Golgi apparatus and the plasmalemma. Relatively stable, intact granules can be obtained in great quantity in our in vitro system. Rapid lysis of the granules was induced by adenosine triphosphate. At much higher concentrations, adenosine diphosphate and 5′-adenylimido-diphosphate also caused lysis. Other nucleotides and related compounds, as well as 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate and molluscan neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, had no effect on the granules. The stability of secreted granules varied with the ionic composition of the isosmotic medium in which they were suspended. When the predominant cation in the medium was potassium, and calcium was also present, granules lysed if exposed to shear stress (stirring of the suspension). This did not occur if sodium was the major cation present. None of the other ions in the suspension media had detectable effects on the stability of the granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318193
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron metabolism in a spider,Dugesiella hentzi (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 127 (1978), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Body iron content and iron balance were studied in the spider (D. hentzi). 1. Total iron content of individual male and female spiders averaged 350 μg. 2. Food intake consisted of domestic crickets. Iron content of crickets averaged 12.4 μg/cricket of which 8.7 μg was absorbed by the spiders. The average number of crickets ingested during a period of six months was 14, amounting to 124 μg of iron absorbed. 3. Most of the iron was localized in the opisthosoma. In four female spiders a mean of 85% of the radioiron still present 13 to 15 months after ingestion was found there. 4. Iron excretion in urine and feces was 19.9 μg/month or 119 μg for a six month period. The excretion of radioiron followed in four females showed a halflife of six months. 5. Molts showed an average iron content of 41.3 μg. These large spiders may molt every year or at considerably longer intervals. If iron lost in the molt is added to other iron loss, it appears to exceed the estimated intake, but by a negligible fraction. 6. Cell free normal blood revealed that iron is present to the extent of 85 μg/100 ml and is bound to two proteins. Some of the properties of the proteins are reported. Saturation with radioiron showed that the blood could take up another 21 μg iron/100 ml.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738420
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron binding proteins and their roles in the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta (L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 158 (1988), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Manduca sexta larvae accumulate large amounts of iron during their larval feeding period. When59Fe was fed to 5th instar larvae, it was evenly distributed among the hemolymph, gut and carcass until the cessation of feeding. By pupation 95% of the labelled iron was found in the fat body. In the adult a significant portion of this iron was found in flight muscle. Studies of the hemolymph disclosed two ironcontaining proteins. The first was composed of a single polypeptide chain of 80 kD, containing one atom of iron. This protein bound ionic iron in vitro and was able to transfer this iron to ferritin when incubated with fat body in vitro. Therefore, it appeared to serve a transport function. The second protein had a molecular weight of 490 kD with subunits of 24 and 26 kD and contained 220 μg of iron/mg protein. Its chemical and ultrastructural characteristics were those of ferritin. These studies demonstrate the presence of both a transport protein and a unique circulating ferritin inManduca sexta, the latter serving a storage function during development and possibly also a transport function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695327
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytology of the renal appendages of Nautilus (Cephalopoda, Tetrabranchiata) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 585-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Renal appendages ; Nautilus ; Concrements ; Mineral storage ; Shell formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal appendages of tetrabranchiate cephalopods, Nautilus pompilius (L.) and Nautilus macromphalus (G.B. Sow.), were studied using light- and electron-microscopical methods. The appendages, homologous to the renal appendages of dibranchiate cephalopods, possess in both species a folded transporting epithelium characterized by a secreting brush border and a high content of mitochondria and lysosome-like dense bodies as well as a basal labyrinth, and are separated from the blood lacunae by a multilayered lamina basalis. In the extracellular crypt-like infoldings of the epithelium, numerous concentric stratified concrements are found. The results strengthen the hypothesis that these concrements represent mineral-storage structures only found in calcium shell-supporting species within the class Cephalopoda.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209996
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of 2-4 dinitrophenol on the oxygen consumption of yeastSupported in part by a grant from the Rockefeller Fluid Research Fund of the Stanford University School of Medicine. (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 4 (1934), S. 405-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030040402
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