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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase thermolysis of N-substituted diallyl- and allylpropargylamines (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---Various diallyl- and allylpropargylamines were pyrolyzed in a stirred-flow reactor at temperatures in the range of 330-500°C, pressures of 8-16 Torr and residence times of 0·4-2·4 s using toluene as carrier gas. The reaction products were propene, allene and aldimines. The allene to propene ratio changed considerably with the third substituent on the N atom. At conversions in the range 13-55%, the consumption of the amines showed first-order kinetics. The following Arrhenius parameters [A (s-1) and Ea (kJ mol-1)] were obtained from the rate coefficients: diallyl-tert-butylamine, log  A = 10·32 ± 0·12, Ea = 139 ± 2; diallylneopentylamine, log A = 12·87 ± 0·26, Ea = 168 ± 3; allylpropargyl-tert-butylamine, log A = 10·23 ± 0·18, Ea = 126 ± 2; allylpropargyltosylamine, log A = 13·05 ± 0.36, Ea = 197 ± 5; and allylpropargylphenylamine, log A = 12·10 ± 0·35, Ea = 162 ± 4. Polar, six-center cyclic transition states are suggested for the elimination of propene and allene, via non-concerted bond breaking-bond forming mechanisms. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First 1-phospha-1,3-dienes unsubstituted in the carbon chain by pyrolysis of diallylphosphines: A novel route to the phosphorus - carbon double bond (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 2 (1991), S. 651-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Allylic phosphine systems were studied as phosphorus-carbon double bond precursors. 1-Phenyl and 1-butyl-1-phospha-1,3-dienes were generated by pyrolysis at 350-460°C of the corresponding diallyl phosphines in a stirred-flow reactor. The unsubstituted phosphadienes generated in this manner dimerized; the formation of [4 + 2] cycloaddition products was confirmed by NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. 31P NMR data of the 1-phospha-1,3-dienes were obtained.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520020607
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition structure for the retroene-type elimination reaction of propene from allylamines (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 8 (1997), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transition-state geometries of retroene elimination reactions of propene from allylamines have been calculated by using the semiempirical AM1 method. The most favored geometry resembles a half chair or a flattened boat. It is also found that the transition states are of polar character and that the negative charge on the N atom decreases in the transition state; thus, the reaction is favored by electron donor substituents on the nitrogen atom, as observed experimentally. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase thermolysis of diallyl(4-fluorophenyl) and allyl(t-butylamino)phenyl phosphines (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 8 (1997), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dially(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine and allyl(t-butylamino)phenylphosphine were pyrolyzed in a stirred-flow reactor at 340-420°C/9-19 Torr, using toluene as carrier gas. The primary reaction products were propene, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-phosphabutadiene, and 1-phenyl-2-t-butyliminophosphine. The phosphorus-containing products gave rise to [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloaddition products, respectively. The consumption of these phosphines showed first-order kinetics, with the rate coefficients following the Arrhenius equations: Dially(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine: k(s-1) = 109.00±0.32 exp (- 122 ± 4 kJ/mol RT) Allyl(t-butylamino)phenylphosphine: k(s-1) = 109.04±0.25 exp (-113 ± 3 kJ/mol RT) The results support a six-center cyclic transition-state unimolecular elimination reaction mechanism for both reactants. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the transition state of the thermal propene elimination from allylphosphines (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 8 (1997), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diallyltetramethylpiperidinophosphine 1, diallyldiisopropylaminophosphine 2, and diallylmesitylphosphine 3 were pyrolyzed in a stirred flow reactor over the temperature range 400-450°C, using toluene as carrier gas, producing, in all cases, mixtures of phosphorus-containing products. The pyrolysis of 1 produced 1-tetramethylpiperidino-1-phosphabutadiene, in addition to a mixture of phosphines and polyphosphines. Compound 2 produced the azadiphosphole 4, the phosphinine 5, allylphosphine, and diisopropylaminophosphine as major phosphorated products. The pyrolysis of 3 produced a mixture of phosphines and polyphosphines. The complex mixture generated by the three diallylphosphines indicates the formation of free radicals during their pyrolyses. AM1 calculations on the transition state of an expected retroenetype propene elimination reaction showed that, due to the phosphaalkene character of the transition state, the structure of the latter is very rigid and sensitive to steric effects. Steric hindrance of the substituents on the phosphorus atom compels the molecule to distort the half-chair transition structure, causing a rise in the activation energy to values in the range of a homolytic P(SINGLE BOND)C bond dissociation energy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neighboring group participation of polar β substituents in the gas-phase pyrolysis of 2-substituted ethyl chlorides (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride in the temperature range of 360-400°C and the pressure range of 60-271 mmHg is a homogeneous, unimolecular, first-order reaction giving dimethylvinyl amine and hydrogen chloride. 2-Methoxyethyl chloride pyrolysis in the temperature range of 450-490°C and the pressure range of 53-110 mmHg by a similar unimolecular, first-order reaction yields methylvinyl ether and hydrogen chloride. These reactions were carried out in a seasoned reaction vessel and in the presence of a propene inhibitor. The methylvinyl ether decomposes slowly into other products at the temperature of pyrolysis. The rate constants are given by the Arrhenius equations(a) 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = (13.22 \pm 0.17) - (203.7 \pm 2.1)kJ/mol/2.303RT $$\end{document}(b) 2-methoxyethyl chloride: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = (14.06 \pm 0.53) - (244.7 \pm 7.1)kJ/mol/2.303RT $$\end{document}The effects of polar β substituents in the 2 position of ethyl chloride are discussed in terms of anchimeric assistance and electron-withdrawing deactivation in these elimination reactions. The present results are consistent with the heterolytic nature of the four-centered cyclic transition state for the gas-phase pyrolysis of alkyl halides.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110202
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas phase thermolysis of benzyl t-butyl sulfide, phenyl t-butyl sulfide, and phenyl t-butyl ether (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 21 (1989), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis kinetics of the title compounds has been studied in a stirred-flow reactor over the temperature range 440-530°C and pressures between 5 and 14 torr. Benzyl t-butyl sulfide and phenyl t-butyl ether formed isobutene as product in over 98% yield, together with the corresponding benzyl thiol and phenol. The benzyl thiol decomposes to a large extent into hydrogen sulfide and bibenzyl. In the pyrolysis of phenyl t-butyl sulfide, the hydrocarbon products consisted of 80 ±5% isobutene plus 20% isobutane, while the sulfur containing products were thiophenol and diphenyl disulfide. Order one kinetics was observed for the consumption of the reactants. The first order rate coefficients, based on isobutene production, followed the Arrhenius equations: Benzyl t-butyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k(s^{ - 1}) = 10^{13.82 \pm 0.41} \exp ( - 214 \pm 6{\rm kJ/mol }RT)$$\end{document} Phenyl t-butyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k(s^{ - 1}) = 10^{12.03 \pm 0.39} \exp ( - 188 \pm 6{\rm kJ/mol }RT)$$\end{document} Phenyl t-butyl ether: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k(s^{ - 1}) = 10^{14.30 \pm 0.21} \exp ( - 211 \pm 3{\rm kJ/mol }RT)$$\end{document}For benzyl t-butyl sulfide and phenyl t-butyl ether, the results suggest a unimolecular mechanism involving polar four center cyclic transition states. For phenyl t-butyl sulfide, the t-butyl-sulfur single bond fission mechanism is a parallel, less important process than the complex fission one.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550210305
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase thermolysis of sulfur compounds. Part VIII. Chloromethyl allyl, cyanomethyl allyl, 1-cyanoethyl allyl and neopentyl allyl sulfides (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 18 (1986), S. 355-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolyses of four alkyl allyl sulfides with substituents on the α—C atom of the alkyl moiety have been studied in a stirred-flow system over the temperature range 340-400°C and pressures between 2 and 12 torr. The only products formed are propene and thioaldehydes. The reactions showed first-order kinetics with the rate coefficients following the Arrhenius equations: Chloromethyl allyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{{\rm - 1}}) = 10^{10.74 \pm 0.23} \exp ( - 144 \pm 3){\rm kJ/mol}RT $$\end{document} Cyanomethyl allyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{{\rm - 1}}) = 10^{10.20 \pm 0.19} \exp ( - 129 \pm 2){\rm kJ/mol}RT $$\end{document} 1-cyanoethyl allyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{{\rm - 1}}) = 10^{11.09 \pm 0.18} \exp ( - 141.5 \pm 2.2){\rm kJ/mol}RT $$\end{document} Neopentyl allyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{{\rm - 1}}) = 10^{10.54 \pm 0.24} \exp ( - 144 \pm 3){\rm kJ/mol}RT $$\end{document}The effects of these and other substituents on the reactivity is discussed in relation with the stabilization of a polar six-centered transition state. The results support a non-concerted mechanism where the 1-5 α—H atom shift is assisted by its acidic character.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550180308
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas phase thermolysis of sulfur compounds. II. Ditertiary butyl sulfide (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 12 (1980), S. 699-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of di-tert-butyl sulfide has been investigated in static and stirred-flow systems at subambient pressures. The rate of consumption of the sulfide was measured in some experiments, and the rate of pressure increase was followed in others. The results suggest that the reaction is essentially homogeneous in a seasoned reactor and proceeds through a free radical mechanism. In the initial stages, the decomposition rate follows first-order kinetics, and the rate coefficient in the absence of an inhibitor is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{^u} (\sec ^{ - 1}) = 10^{15.1 \pm 0.6} \exp \left[{\left({ - 229 \pm 8} \right){\rm kJ/mol/RT}} \right] $$\end{document} between 360 and 413°C. The stoichiometry of the uninhibited reaction at 380°C and 50% decomposition is approximately \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm t}^{\rm \_} {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 9}^{\rm -}} {\rm S}_{\rm -} {\rm t}_{\rm -} {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{\rm 9} = 1.72i_ - {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{\rm 8} + 0.88{\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm S} + 0.29i_ - {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 10}} + 0.11t_ - {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{\rm 9} {\rm SH} $$\end{document} between 360 and 413°C. The stoichiometry of the uninhibited reaction at 380°C and 50% decomposition is approximately.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550121004
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas phase thermolysis of allyl cyanomethyl amine, diallyl cyanomethyl amine, diethyl cyanomethyl amine, and diethyl propargyl amine (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 27 (1995), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title amines were pyrolyzed in a stirred-flow reactor at 380-510°C, pressures of 8-15 torr and residence times of 0.3-2.4 s, using toluene as carrier gas. The substrates with an allyl group yielded propene and iminonitriles as reaction products. HCN is formed by decomposition of the iminonitriles. The first-order rate coefficients for propene formation fit the Arrhenius equations Allyl cyanomethyl amine:\documentclass{article} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} $$ k({\rm s}^{ - {\rm 1}}) = 10^{13.29 \pm 0.35} {\rm exp(} - {\rm 189} \pm 5{\rm kJ/mol }RT{\rm)} $$ \end{document}Diallyl cyanomethyl amine:\documentclass{article} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} $$ k({\rm s}^{ - {\rm 1}}) = 10^{13.00 \pm 0.20} {\rm exp(} - {\rm 183} \pm 3{\rm kJ/mol }RT{\rm)} $$ \end{document} Diethyl cyanomethyl amine gave a 20:1 gas mixture of ehylene and ethane, plus HCN. The liquid product fraction contained mainly N-ethyl methanaldimine. The first-order rate coefficients for ethylene formation followed the Arrhenius equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{ - {\rm 1}}) = 10^{15.30 \pm 0.24} {\rm exp(} - {\rm 226} \pm 3{\rm kJ/mol }RT{\rm)} $$\end{document} Diethyl propargyl amine decomposed cleanly into allene and N-ethyl ethanaldimine. The first-order rate coefficients for allene formation fit the Arrhenius equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{ - {\rm 1}}) = 10^{12.84 \pm 0.30} {\rm exp(} - {\rm 168} \pm 4{\rm kJ/mol }RT{\rm)} $$\end{document} The results suggest that the above allyl and propargyl amines decompose unimolecularly by mechanisms involving six-center cyclic transition states. For diethyl cyanomethyl amine, a nonchain free radical mechanism is proposed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550270203
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