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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte adhesion molecule ligands and extracellular matrix proteins in gliomas and normal brain: expression of VCAM-1 in gliomas (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 216-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Adhesion molecules ; VCAM-1 ; Extracellular matrix proteins ; Gliomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To identify antigenic differences between gliomas and normal brain, we have immunohistochemically studied the expression of lymphocyte adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, VCAM-1, E-selectin and CD58), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular matrix proteins (collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, merosin, tenascin and vitronectin) in these tissues. Gliomas expressed high levels of ICAM-1, CD58 (LFA-3), EGFR, tenascin and vitronectin, whereas only very low levels were detected in normal brain. VCAM-1 expression was detected in 15 out of 25 gliomas but not in normal brain. The presence of VCAM-1 in gliomas was verified by immunoblotting and RNase protection assay, and in glioma cell lines by Northern blotting. Expression of VCAM-1 in gliomas may partially explain lymphocytic infiltration, and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies may be of potential in antibody mixtures for targeted therapy of gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050696
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and fibronectin in primary cultures of human glioma and fetal brain (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 448-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intermediate filaments ; Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) ; Vimentin ; Fibronectin ; Glial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and fibronectin (Fn) was studied in cells cultured from human glioma and fetal brain by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy and multiple labelling experiments. In the primary cultures a major part (20%–70%) of the cells usually displayed both GFAP and vimentin and the rest of the cells only vimentin. A prominent variation in GFAP and vimentin fluorescence intensity sometimes made interpretation of double IIF stainings difficult. However, occasional GFAP-positive cells appeared vimentin negative in primary glioma cultures, whereas in fetal brain primary cultures cells that were preferentially GFAP positive also showed at least a weak vimentin immunoreactivity. Only a fraction of the cells, roughly corresponding to the GFAP-negative cells, were Fn positive in the primary cultures. As judged by double IIF, the GFAP-positive cells were usually Fn negative, while the Fn-positive cells were vimentin positive. This could also be demonstrated in triple IIF experiments. During serial subcultivation the amount of cells expressing GFAP decreased, while the number of Fn-positive cells increased. By the third to fourth passage GFAP positivity was usually lost, all cells expressed vimentin and most cells also Fn. The results of the present study demonstrate a general coexpression of GFAP and vimentin in cultured astroglial cells, in addition to cells expressing only vimentin. Interestingly, occasional glioma cells seem to contain GFAP as the only intermediate filament protein as detected by immunocytochemistry. Such cells, however, are seen only in primary cultures. Cells coexpressing GFAP and vimentin are also rapidly lost upon subculture, whereas immunocytochemical Fn positivity correspondingly increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687131
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstitial radiotherapy of 25 parasellar/clival meningiomas and 19 meningiomas in the elderly (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 495-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Interstitial radiotherapy ; meningioma ; I-125 seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary I-125 seeds were permanently implanted into 25 parasellar-clival meningiomas (median age of patients, 56 y) and 19 globoid meningiomas in the elderly (median age of patients, 77 y) using stereotactic technique and 3-D dose planning. Total dose at the tumour margin was increased during the series from 100 Gy to 150 Gy. The procedure caused no mortality and no serious bleeding, but injury to the III cranial nerve due to puncture occurred in one (4%) of the 25 parasellar-clival meningiomas. In two (4.5%) of the 44 cases the postoperative CT scan showed a misplaced seed, located at the tumour surface. Nonenhancing hypodense rings developed around the seeds (‘hot spots’) with a median diameter of 10.5 mm at 12 months corresponding to a median initial activity of 8.7 mCi. In general, meningiomas responded by slow reduction in volume. The parasellar-clival meningiomas were followed-up for a median of 19 months (6–32), and so far 4 tumours have shrunk moderately, 13 slightly, and 5 not at all. Pre-operative III, V or VI cranial nerve signs were present in 17 patients and subsided in 8 of them. On the other hand, facial numbness developed or increased in 9 of the 25 patients, indicating that the V nerve is rather sensitive to this type of irradiation. In the 19 meningiomas of the elderly, the median follow-up time was 14 months (5–26). The median relative tumour volume was 46% at 12 months. Accounting for tumour-related deaths only, the actuarial survival rate was 78% at 12 months and 62% at 24 months. In general, brain oedema persisted despite reduction in tumour volume. Stereotactic implantation of I-125 seeds into intracranial meningiomas is relatively safe. Interstitial radiotherapy represents a potential tool in the control of medium-sized intracranial meningiomas with minimal brain oedema, but its long-term impact and untoward effects remain to be followed-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411167
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyst fluid of glioma does not inhibit the killing action of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cellsin vitro (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 91 (1988), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: LAK cells ; inhibition ; brain tumour ; cyst fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In theory, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells offer a potential method to treat cerebral gliomas, especially low-grade gliomas. LAK cells would be administered by repeated injections straight into the cavity of a subtotally removed tumour. However, brain-tumour cyst fluid has been shown to be immunosuppressive in lymphocyte stimulation tests. Therefore we wanted to know whether the fluid would reduce the killing efficacy of LAK cells. Using a standard cytotoxity test based on51Cr release, we comparedin vitro the cytotoxity of LAK cells against K-562 tumour cells in brain-tumour cyst fluid, autologous serum and allogeneic serum. Five patients with cystic glioma and one with cystic meningioma were studied and no inhibition of cytotoxity of LAK cells was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400532
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD34 immunoreactivity in nervous system tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma ; Neurofibroma ; Schwannoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD34 is a sialylated transmembrane glyco-protein of unknown function that is present in myeloid progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and some fibroblastrelated mesenchymal cells. However, its tissue distribution is still incompletely characterized. In this study we evaluated the distribution of CD34 antigen in tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. For comparison the tumors were also stained for CD31, also known as platelet-endothelium cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein so far considered to be endothelium specific beyond its reactivity with certain hematopoietic cells. Neurofibromas showed consistently high numbers of CD34-positive spindle cells, whereas peripheral and acoustic schwannomas were negative. A subset of meningiomas (15%) showed CD34-positive tumor cells, and some were also weakly positive for CD31. Gliomas were negative. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas were consistently CD34 positive, but CD31 negative. These results indicate a moderately widespread distribution of the CD34 antigen in nervous system tumors, and necessitate caution in making conclusions regarding endothelial cell differentiation of nervous system tumors on the basis of CD34 immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389498
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD34 immunoreactivity in nervous system tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma ; Neurofibroma ; Schwannoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD34 is a sialylated transmembrane glycoprotein of unknown function that is present in myeloid progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and some fibroblast-related mesenchymal cells. However, its tissue distribution is still incompletely characterized. In this study we evaluated the distribution of CD34 antigen in tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. For comparison the tumors were also stained for CD31, also known as platelet-endothelium cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein so far considered to be endothelium specific beyond its reactivity with certain hematopoietic cells. Neurofibromas showed consistently high numbers of CD34-positive spindle cells, whereas peripheral and acoustic schwannomas were negative. A subset of meningiomas (15  %) showed CD34-positive tumor cells, and some were also weakly positive for CD31. Gliomas were negative. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas were consistently CD34 positive, but CD31 negative. These results indicate a moderately widespread distribution of the CD34 antigen in nervous system tumors, and necessitate caution in making conclusions regarding endothelial cell differentiation of nervous system tumors on the basis of CD34 immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389498
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different expression of adhesion molecules on stromal cells and endothelial cells of capillary hemangioblastoma (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Hemangioblastoma ; Adhesion ; NCAM ; CD44 ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are essential for many basic functions, including differentiation and development. In pathological conditions such as inflammation and tumorigenesis adhesive events also play a major role. Cellular adhesion is mediated by specific molecules expressed by both normal and neoplastic tissues. Capillary hemangioblastoma is a tumor of controversial origin, characterized by two major components, vacuolated stromal cells and a capillary network. In order to shed light on the differentiation of the stromal cells and the interactions between the two major components of hemangioblastoma we studied the expression of several adhesion molecules by immunocytochemistry. The endothelium-associated adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM-1, PECAM-1 and ELAM-1) were expressed by endothelial cells within the tumors, but not by stromal cells. In contrast, the stromal cells showed strong neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM/CD56) expression, further distinguishing them from endothelial cells. In addition, the stromal cells expressed CD44, which is of interest, as this membrane protein is linked to ezrin, a cytoskeleton-associated protein also expressed by stromal cells. We conclude that the stromal cells and endothelial cells of capillary hemangioblastoma exhibit quite divergent expression patterns of adhesion molecules. The NCAM expression in stromal cells suggests neuroectodermal or mesenchymal differentiation of this tumor. In addition, the NCAM expression could contribute to the sometimes problematic differential diagnosis between capillary hemangioblastoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050547
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolethalus: a midline malformation syndrome with optic nerve coloboma and hypoplasia (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Congenital malformations ; Developmental cataract ; Hydrocephalus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Optic nerve coloboma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ophthalmic pathological findings of hydrolethalus, a midline malformation syndrome, were determined in three fetuses aborted between the 14th and 19th gestational week. The eyes were serially sectioned and analyzed using light microscopy and a panel of 13 antibodies to neuronal, glial, epithelial, and mesenchymal elements of the eye. The general morphological and antigenic development of the anterior segment, retina and choroid were normal, but some lens fibers were vacuolated and irregular in all eyes. A coloboma of the optic nerve was constant and corresponded in its severity to the systemic manifestations. It ranged from segmental dysplasia of the optic nerve head to a colobomatous orbital cyst with secondary microphthalmos and deranged development of the eye. Glial tissue extended through a defect in the sheaths of the optic nerve in three eyes, communicating with retinoblastic tissue in the orbit. Evidence of secondary optic nerve hypoplasia was present in all eyes, and a separate chorioretinal coloboma was present in one eye. Ocular anomalies should be considered one hallmark of hydrolethalus syndrome, and they may help to differentiate it from other overlapping malformation syndromes. In particular, colobomatous dysplasia and hypoplasia of the optic nerve seem to be typical of hydrolethalus syndrome. Histopathological studies of the eyes may help the neuropathologist in making the differential diagnosis of midline malformation syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050459
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of endothelial and basement membrane markers in angiogenic tumors of the nervous system (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1983), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Factor-VIII-related antigen ; Lectin ; Laminin ; Angiogenic tumor ; Endothelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of two endothelial cell markers Factor-VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin was examined by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in paraffin-embedded specimens representing the three main types of angiogenic neoplasms of the nervous system, hemangioblastoma, hemangioendothelioma and hemangiopericytoma. In addition, the distribution of the basement membrane (BM) marker, laminin, was studied in the same tumors. It was found that Ulex europaeus agglutinin was a more sensitive marker of neoplastic endothelial cells than Factor-VIII-related antigen. Both markers only stained endothelial cells, while the tumor cells of hemangiopericytomas and the stromal cells of hemangioblastomas remained unstained. These findings do not support the view that the stromal cells of hemangioblastomas are derived from endothelial cells. With antiserum to laminin a typical staining pattern could be noticed in each tumor, showing the architectural relationships of the cells very clearly. In all three tumor types laminin was only found in the BM of the vessels, not in the interstices of the neoplastic cells outside vessel lumina. Therefore, the reticulin network previously found between the individual cells of hemangiopericytomas does not correspond to BM. It is concluded that both Ulex europaeus agglutinin and laminin antisera could be valuable new aids for the diagnosis of the three tumor types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684922
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of a major connective tissue protein, fibronectin, in normal and neoplastic human nervous tissue (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Glial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibronectin is a cell surface-associated glycoprotein of various adherent cells in culture, and it has been found to be a major component of connective tissue matrix in human tissues. Reports on expression of fibronectin by cultured human astroglial cells prompted us to study its distribution in vivo. In human brain tissue fibronectin was located, as studied by immunofluorescence staining, to capillary vessel walls in a pattern corresponding both to the vessel lumen and the basement membrane of vessel wall. Glial or neuronal cells did not express fibronectin in the adult human brain. In human brain tumors of the glioma group occasional faint intercellular fluorescence was observed, probably due to leakage of fibronectin from the blood stream. A strong staining associated with the endothelial glomerulus-like proliferations was also observed in malignant gliomas. In peripheral nerves fibronectin fluorescence corresponding to the basement membranes of perineurial and Schwann cells was seen. An interesting feature was the intense staining at the nodes of Ranvier. In a well differentiated schwannoma of peripheral nerve an intercellular lamellar staining pattern was observed, corresponding to the basement membranes of the neoplastic cells. These results indicate that in the human nervous tissue fibronectin occurs only at sites of contact between the neuro-ectoderm and mesenchyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688849
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