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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic CT enhancement: effect of the rate and volume of contrast medium injection in an animal model (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 597-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Computed tomography (CT) contrast media—Liver, CT—Liver, blood supply—Portal vein, flow dynamics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To evaluate the relative effect of rate of injection and volume of contrast medium on aortic, portal, and hepatic enhancement during computed tomography (CT). Methods: Thirty-eight nonincremental CT examinations were performed in three mini-pigs by using a combination of three different volumes (1.5, 2, and 3 mL/kg) and five different rates (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 mL/s) of contrast material injection. Time-density enhancement curves of the aorta, portal vein, and liver were plotted over time for each rate of injection, each volume of contrast, and each volume–rate combination. In addition, aortic, portal, and liver peak enhancements, time-to-peak enhancements, optimal scanning intervals, and contrast enhancement indices were calculated for each volume–rate combination. Results: Higher rates of injection increased peak aortic enhancement but had no effect on peak portal or hepatic enhancement. This result may be explained by the dilution of the bolus of contrast medium in the splanchnic circulation. When the results of a 6-mL/s injection of 1.5 mL/kg of contrast material were compared with a 3-mL/s injection of 2 mL/kg, maximum aortic enhancement increased by 32%, whereas maximum liver enhancement decreased by 35%. Conclusion: An increase in the rate of contrast injection results in an increase of peak aortic enhancement even when the total iodine load is decreased. However, an increase of the rate of contrast injection does not increase maximum liver enhancement, which is related to the total iodine dose injected. Therefore, one cannot compensate a decrease in the iodine load by an increase in injection rate in contrast-enhanced CT of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900572
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delta-electron emission in fast heavy ion — atom collisions: observations of new phenomena and breakdown of common scaling laws (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 22 (1992), S. 713-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.50.Fa ; 34.80.Kw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Double differential cross sections for the emission of Delta-electrons have been measured in fast uranium-rare gas collisions. The well-known Binary Encounter peak reveals unexpected structures for certain observation angles and its intensity increases towards smaller angles, which is in contradiction to results and scaling laws obtained by experiments with light ion impact. The observed dependencies are fairly well described by recent calculations in the framework of IA and CTMC. From systematic experimental as well as theoretical studies we can derive that the potential of the partially stripped projectile ion gives rise to rainbow and glory scattering of the target electron in the field of the projectile. The rainbow scattering is observed in the laboratory frame as pronounced interference structures, whereas the glory scattering is responsible for the steep increase of the cross sections for binary-encounter electrons towards small laboratory ejection angles. The observed effects have a dramatic influence on the commonq 2 scaling laws derived from experiments with light ions. Furthermore, since the binary-encounter electrons ejected at forward angles have approximately twice the projectile velocity, these new phenomena have an important influence on the electronic stopping power of heavy ions and therefore have to be taken into account for the investigation of radiation damage by these ions e.g. in biological matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01437253
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-selective capture in collisions between ions and alkali-metal atoms (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 21 (1991), S. S269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have calculated final n, l, m-distributions for the electron capture in Na+ + Na(28d) collisions and N5+, Ar8+ + Cs(6s) collisions using a three-body classical trajectory Monte-Carlo (CTMC) method. The collision velocity range is 0.5 ≲ x ≲ 1.7. Here, x = vp/ve, where vp is the ion projectile velocity in the laboratory frame and ve is the initial orbital velocity of the electron bound to the alkali-metal core. The results are discussed along with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01426318
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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