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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Single Doses of Acrylamide Reduce Retrograde Transport Velocity (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 43 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Single doses of acrylamide (0–1.3 mmol/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the transport of 125I-tetanus toxin to the perikarya of sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons in ventral spinal cord. Acrylamide was a more potent inhibitor of retrograde transport in sensory axons than in motor axons. Substantially greater doses of N,N′-methylene-bis-acryl-amide, a reportedly non-neurotoxic analog of acrylamide, were required to alter the axonal transport of 125I-tetanus toxin. Velocity of retrograde transport was assessed by determining the position of the leading edge of transported125I-tetanus toxin at times following single doses of acrylamide. Acrylamide reduced the velocity of 125I-tetanus toxin transport in a dose-dependent manner by up to 75%. No change in neuronal uptake of 125I-tet-anus toxin was detected. It is concluded that single doses of acrylamide produce profound alterations in retrograde transport which precede the appearance of structural changes in affected nerve fibers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05400.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    β-N-Oxalylamino-l-Alanine: Action on High-Affinity Transport of Neurotransmitters in Rat Brain and Spinal Cord Synaptosomes (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 44 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: β-N-Oxalylamino-l-alanine (BOAA) is a dicarboxylic diamino acid present in Lathyrus sativus (chickling pea). Excessive oral intake of this legume in remote areas of the world causes humans and animals to develop a type of spastic paraparesis known as lathyrism. BOAA is one of several neuroactive glutamate analogs reported to stimulate excitatory receptors and, in high concentrations, cause neuronal vacuolation and necrosis. The present study investigates the action of BOAA in vitro on CNS high-affinity transport systems for glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartate, glycine, and choline and in the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA. Crude synaptosomal fractions (P2) from rat brain and spinal cord were used for all studies. [3H]Aspartate transport in brain and spinal cord synaptosomes was reduced as a function of BOAA concentration, with reductions to 40 and 30% of control values, respectively, after 15-min preincubation with 1 mM BOAA. Under similar conditions, transport of [3H]glutamate was reduced to 74% (brain) and 60% (spinal cord) of control values. High-affinity transport of [3H]GABA, [3H]glycine, and [3H]choline, and the enzyme activity of GAD, were unaffected by 1 mM BOAA. While these data are consistent with the excitotoxic (convulsant) activity of BOAA, their relationship to the pathogenesis of lathyrism is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb12899.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical Studies on 5′-Nucleotidase of Schwann Cells in Degenerated Nerve (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: This report describes the partial characterization of 5′-nucleotidase (5′-AMPase) in Schwann-cell plasmalemmae (PM) prepared from degenerated cat sciatic nerve. 5′-AMPase was enriched 3.7-fold in the PM fraction over that of the crude homogenate preparation. The plant lectin concanavalin-A (Con-A) reduced Schwann cell PM 5′-AMPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (30-600 μg/ml). Plasma membrane 5′-AMPase activity was maximally inhibited to 20% of control values by Con-A (400–600 μg/ml), and activity returned to control levels by pretreatment with the hapten sugar α-methyl-d-mannoside (50 mM). Equimolar concentrations of UDP and ADP (100 μM) reduced the rate of hydrolysis of labeled AMP to labeled adenosine in PM to 45% and 35% of controls, respectively. This is the first study to characterize a Schwann-cell PM enzyme and demonstrates that 5′-AMPase may be used as a Schwann-cell PM marker enzyme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05510.x
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  • 14
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    Unbekannt
    An Analysis of State Final Examination Questions in Geography. (1922)
    Macomb, Ill., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Geography. 21 (1922:Jan./Dec.) 334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1341
    Thema: Geographie
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1129-1922-000-00-000078
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tolerance to temperature and water quality for bacterial oxidation: The benefits of BacTech's moderately thermophilic culture (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 11 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract: The use of bacterial oxidation as a pretreatment for gold recovery from refractory gold ores and concentrates is well documented. As more details are revealed concerning the operation and economics, it has become apparent that the operating temperature and the associated need for cooling are important in determining the viability of bacterial oxidation technology in some major gold mining regions. A bacterial culture which is suited to the mine environment is essential in order to achieve the best economics for the process. Thiobacillus-based cultures are generally restricted to temperatures less than 40°C and, in some regions, cooling must be provided to maintain the correct temperature range. Water cooling is the most obvious solution but the water available on mine sites in some regions is either very hard or saline and the quantities can be limited. Conventional cooling towers and heat exchangers suffer from scaling and corrosion under these conditions unless water treatment is used. Insufficient water may make cooling impractical and prevent the consideration of bacterial oxidation technology as a process option. Any additional temperature tolerance by a culture will reduce capital and operating costs associated with maintaining the optimum temperature range for the bacterial culture. The salinity of the plant water can also affect the performance of the bacterial culture and, in some cases, may cause a complete loss of activity. It is important that any culture applied in a mine site plant is able to perform the oxidation of the refractory sulphides using the local water, regardless of its salinity or hardness. BacTech (Australia) Pty. Ltd. has applied its moderately thermophilic culture in mine site-based tests for independent clients not associated with this company. The bacterial culture has been openly proven under a wide range of conditions ranging from arid desert to temperate mountain conditions in both summer and winter. The culture has operated up to 55°C without the need for cooling, thus removing the concern of scaling and limited water resources for cooling towers. The pilot plant trials have used saline, hard bore water and better quality dam water. The oxidation performance of the bacterial culture remained unaffected if basic nutrients were adjusted for the local water and gangue minerals. Gold recoveries greater than 90% were achieved after cyanide leaching of the oxidized sulphide flotation concentrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00284.x
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DISTAL AXONOPATHY—A FREQUENT FORM OF BRAIN AND NERVE DAMAGE PRODUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL HAZARDS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 329 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb15331.x
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Percutaneous control of a portacaval H-graft: Description of a new device and its initial clinical application (1990)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 14 (1990), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé On a utilisé chez 10 patients un manchon gonflable contrôlé à travers la peau et inséré autour du greffon pour changer le diamètre d'un shunt portacave en H. Gonfler le manchon diminue le diamètre du shunt en augmentant la pression porte ce qui réduit le débit du shunt. L'utilisation du shunt a été cliniquement décisive chez 3 des 7 patients ayant survécu à long terme. La réduction du diamètre du shunt a amélioré l'état clinique de 2 patients ayant une encéphalopathie, et la réouverture du shunt fermé par ce moyen a diminué l'ascite chez un troisième. Des modifications du débit porte après gonflage du manchon étaient toujours visibles à 6 mois par échographie et Doppler. On conclut qu'il faut continuer à expérimenter ce type de shunt portocave à débit variable.
    Kurzfassung: Resumen Hemos desarrollado un manguito y reservorio de implantación subcutánea, el cual, mediante control percutáneo, permite modificar el diámetro de los “shunts” portacava en H; ha sido utilizado en 10 pacientes. Al inflar el manguito se comprime el injerto en H, con lo cual se aumenta la presión portal y se reduce el flujo a través del “shunt.” El uso del manguito ha sido de beneficio clínico en 3 de 7 sobrevivientes a largo plazo. La comprensión del “shunt” mejoró el estado clínico de 2 pacientes con encefalopatía, y su reapertura mejoró la ascitis en el tercer paciente. Estudios con ultrasonido duplex y ultrasonido profundo han demostrado una alteración en el flujo portal después de inflar el manguito a los 6 meses. Nuestra conclusión es que se justifica continuar desarrollando esta prótesis que permite establecer un “shunt” portacava en H controlado.
    Notizen: Abstract A percutaneously-controlled inflatable cuff which can change the diameter of a portacaval H-graft has been developed and used in 10 patients. When inflated, the cuff narrows the H-graft to increase portal pressure and reduce shunting. Use of the cuff has been of clinical significance in 3 of 7 long-term surviving patients. Narrowing the shunt improved the clinical state in 2 patients with encephalopathy, and reopening a closed shunt improved ascites in the third patient. Duplex ultrasound and deep Doppler have demonstrated an alteration of hepatic portal blood flow following inflation of the cuff after 6 months. It is concluded that further development of this controlled portacaval H-graft is warranted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01664880
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vivo and in vitro regional differential sensitivity of neuropathy target esterase to Di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 469-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholinesterase ; Di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate ; Neuropathy target esterase ; Organo phosphates ; Polyneuropathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) is initiated by inhibition/aging of more than 70–75% of neuropathy target esterase (NTE). Di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBDCVP) (1 mg/kg s.c.) inhibited 96%, 86% and 83% of NTE in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve, respectively, and induced a typical central peripheral distal axonopathy in hens. A lower dose (0.45 mg/kg s.c.) caused 90%, 83% and 54% NTE inhibition in the same organs; by contrast, hens developed a spastic ataxia with axonal degeneration in spinal cord but not in peripheral nerve. With a dose of 0.2 mg/kg s.c., a suprathreshold inhibition of NTE was produced in brain (78%) but not in spinal cord (56%) and peripheral nerve (33%) and no morphological or clinical signs of neuropathy developed in hens. With doses up to 4.0 mg/kg s.c., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was similar throughout the nervous system. In vitro time-course inhibition studies showed a different sensitivity to DBDCVP of NTE from peripheral nerve (ka = 5.4 × 106) relative to that from spinal cord (ka = 13.9 × 106) or brain (ka = 20.6 × 106). In vitro I50s of DBDCVP for AChE were similar in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve (11–17 nM). These data support the hypothesis that the critical target for initiation of OPIDP is located in the nerve fiber, possibly in the axon and also suggest that peripheral nerve NTE has a different sensitivity to DBDCVP than the brain enzyme. Moreover, they confirm data showing that the degree of NTE inhibition in brain after dosing with organophosphates may not be a good monitor for the enzyme in parts of the nervous system where axonal degeneration actually develops. Therefore, direct assay of peripheral nerve NTE yields data which closely correlate with degree of axonal degeneration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316450
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The examination of isolated nerve fibres by light and electron microscopy, with observations on demyelination proximal to neuromas (1970)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 16 (1970), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Isolated Nerve Fibres ; Electron Microscopy ; Demyelination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Technik zur Isolierung peripherer Nervenfasern durch Auffasern und nachfolgende licht-undd elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung beschrieben. Diese Technik wurde zum Studium ungewöhnlich geschwollener Fasern angewandt, die proximal der Läsion bei durchschnittenen Nerven von Ratten beobachtet wurden. Diese Fasern wurden als das Ergebnis der Demyelinisation bereits remyelinisierter Segmente dargestellt.
    Notizen: Summary A technique is described for isolating peripheral nerve fibres by teasing and subsequently examining them by light and electron microscopy. The technique was applied to the study of unusual swollen fibres observed central to the lesion in transected nerves in rats. These were shown to be the result of the demyelination of already remyelinated segments of the fibre.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687357
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Axotomy-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in the mouse dorsal root ganglion is inhibited by the vinca alkaloids (1988)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 13 (1988), S. 1169-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Schlagwort(e): Vinca Alkaloids ; axotomy ; retrograde axon transport ; ornithine decarboxylase ; dorsal root ganglia ; neurotoxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Vinca alkaloids were used to study the role of retrograde axon transport (RT) in activating neuron perikaryal repair response to nerve transection. Mouse lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) (L4-L6) were excised 48 hours after unilateral transection of the sciatic nerve and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity determined. ODC activity in DRG ipsilateral to nerve transection was increased 10–20 fold over contralateral values. Typical ODC activities in ipsilateral and contralateral DRG samples were 6.18±1.4 and 0.31±0.09 pmol14CO2 released/h/3DRG, respectively. Systemic administration of single doses of either vincristine (1 mg/kg) or vinblastine (5 mg/kg) immediately prior to axotomy attenuated ODC induction in ipsilateral DRG by 39% and 47%, respectively. A direct inhibition of ODC activity in the DRG appears unlikely since only high concentrations of vinblastine (0.5–1.0 mM) were able to inhibit ODC activity in vitro. We suggest vinca alkaloids inhibit ODC induction as a consequence of distupting retrograde axonal transport. Interruption of this intracellular communication mechanism may be etiologically linked to the distal axon degeneration which follows repetitive exposure to vinca alkaloids and other agents that induce toxic axonal neuropathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00971635
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