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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein immunohistochemistry for defining the structure and topographical relationship of the different enteric nerve plexuses in the small intestine of the pig (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase ; S-100 protein ; Enteric nervous system ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological and topographical features of the intramural enteric nervous system in the small intestine of the pig has been studied on whole mounts by means of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein immu-nohistochemistry. A clear visualization of the myenteric plexus allows the recognition of its characteristic morphology, including the thin tertiary plexus coursing within the smooth muscle layers. In the tela submucosa two ganglionated plexuses, each with its own specific characteristics, can clearly be demonstrated: (1) the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) located near the inner surface of the circular muscle layer at the abluminal side of the submucosal vascular arcades, and (2) the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner) close to the outer surface of the lamina muscularis mucosae at the luminal side of the submucosal vascular arcades. Due to the possibility to trace clearly the perivascular plexuses of these vascular arcades by use of immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies to NSE and S-100 protein, the two submucosal nerve plexuses can be demonstrated with exceptional clarity. This is the first report of an investigation of the intramural nerve plexuses of the small intestine of the pig using the NSE and S-100 immunostaining methods, which is sufficiently detailed to substantiate the characteristic topography and structure of the two submucosal plexuses and their relation to the smooth muscle layers and perivascular plexuses. The level of NSE immunoreactivity for enteric neurons displays great variation, a substantial proportion of the type-II neurons appearing strongly stained. Although little is known of the specific function of these enzymes, proposals are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224719
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct distribution of CGRP-, enkephalin-, galanin-, neuromedin U-, neuropeptide Y-, somatostatin-, substance P-, VIP- and serotonin-containing neurons in the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks of the porcine small intestine (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 367-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Submucosal plexuses ; Enteric nervous system ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to differences between the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks, i.e., the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) and the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner), with respect to the occurrence and distribution of serotonin as neurotransmitter, immunocytochemistry also revealed a distinct distribution for various neuropeptides in these two plexuses. Immunoreactivity for galanin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, neuromedin U, enkephalin, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y was found in varicose and non-varicose nerve fibres of both submucosal ganglionic plexuses, albeit with a distinct distributional pattern. The difference in neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator content between both neural networks became even more obvious when attention was focussed on the immunoreactivity of the nerve cell bodies for these substances. Indeed, neuropeptide Y, enkephalin-and somatostatin-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya as well as serotonergic neuronal cell bodies appear solely in the plexus submucosus externus. Neuromedin U-immunoreactive perikarya, mostly coexisting with substance P, are observed in large numbers in the plexus submucosus internus, whilst they are rare in the plexus submucosus externus. Double-labelling immunostaining for substance P with CGRP and galanin revealed a different coexistence pattern for the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses. The differing chemical content of the neuronal populations supports the hypothesis that the existence of the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses, present in most large mammals including man, not only reflects a morphological difference but also points to differentiated functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318639
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vas deferens ; Seminal vesicle ; Neuopeptides ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Caudal mesenteric ganglion ; Retrograde tracing ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Combined retrograde tracing (using fluorescent tracer Fast Blue) and double-labelling immunofluorescence were used to study the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle. The distribution and immunohistochemical properties of neurons projecting to both organs were similar. As revealed by retrograde tracing, Fast Blue-positive neurons were located within the left and right ganglia, with a distinct predominance in the ipsilateral one. In the ipsilateral ganglion, the majority of the neurons were located caudally, along the dorso-lateral ganglionic border, suggesting a somatotopic organization of the ganglion. Immunohistochemistry revealed four populations of retrogradely labelled neurons (from the largest to the smaller one): tyrosine hydroxylase-positive/neuropeptide Y-negative (TH+/NPY-), TH+/NPY+, TH-/NPY-, TH-/NPY+. With respect to their surrounding nerve fibres, two subpopulations of the dye-labelled neurons could be distinguished. The small one consisted of solitary neurons receiving a strong calcitonin gene-related peptide- and Leu5-enkephalin-, and a less intense vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive innervation. The remaining neurons were poorly supplied by singular nerve fibres containing some of the investigated peptides. We conclude that the caudal mesenteric ganglion should be considered as a prominent source of adrenergic and/or NPY-positive innervation for the porcine male reproductive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319133
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Vas deferens ; Seminal vesicle ; Neuropeptides ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Caudal mesenteric ganglion ; Retrograde tracing ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Combined retrograde tracing (using fluorescent tracer Fast Blue) and double-labelling immunofluorescence were used to study the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle. The distribution and immunohistochemical properties of neurons projecting to both organs were similar. As revealed by retrograde tracing, Fast Blue-positive neurons were located within the left and right ganglia, with a distinct predominance in the ipsilateral one. In the ipsilateral ganglion, the majority of the neurons were located caudally, along the dorso-lateral ganglionic border, suggesting a somatotopic organization of the ganglion. Immunohistochemistry revealed four populations of retrogradely labelled neurons (from the largest to the smaller one): tyrosine hydroxylase-positive/neuropeptide Y-negative (TH+/NPY−), TH+/NPY+, TH−/NPY−, TH−/NPY+. With respect to their surrounding nerve fibres, two subpopulations of the dye-labelled neurons could be distinguished. The small one consisted of solitary neurons receiving a strong calcitonin gene-related peptide- and Leu5-enkephalin-, and a less intense vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive innervation. The remaining neurons were poorly supplied by singular nerve fibres containing some of the investigated peptides. We conclude that the caudal mesenteric ganglion should be considered as a prominent source of adrenergic and/or NPY-positive innervation for the porcine male reproductive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050459
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the enteric nervous system of the developing human digestive tract (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Nitric oxide synthase ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Enteric nervous system ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated indirectly the presence of nitric oxide in the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract of human fetuses and newborns by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry. In the stomach, NOS immunoactivity was confined to the myenteric plexus and nerve fibres in the outer smooth musculature; few immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were found in ganglia of the outer submucous plexus. In the pyloric region, a few nitrergic perikarya were seen in the inner submucous plexus and some immunoreactive fibres were found in the muscularis mucosae. In the small intestine, nitrergic neurons clustered just underneath or above the topographical plane formed by the primary nerve strands of the myenteric plexus up to the 26th week of gestation, after which stage, they occurred throughout the ganglia. Many of their processes contributed to the dense fine-meshed tertiary nerve network of the myenteric plexus and the circular smooth muscle layer. NOS-immunoreactive fibres directed to the circular smooth muscle layer originated from a few NOS-containing perikarya located in the outer submucous plexus. In the colon, caecum and rectum, labelled nerve cells and fibres were numerous in the myenteric plexus; they were also found in the outer submucous plexus. The circular muscle layer had a much denser NOS-immunoreactive innervation than the longitudinally oriented taenia. The marked morphological differences observed between nitrergic neurons within the developing human gastrointestinal tract, together with the typical innervation pattern in the ganglionic and aganglionic nerve networks, support the existenc of distinct subpopulations of NOS-containing enterice neurons acting as interneurons or (inhibitory) motor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319421
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the enteric nervous system of the developing human digestive tract (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide – Nitric oxide synthase – NADPH-diaphorase – Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide – Immunocytochemistry – Enteric nervous system – Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated indirectly the presence of nitric oxide in the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract of human fetuses and newborns by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry. In the stomach, NOS immunoactivity was confined to the myenteric plexus and nerve fibres in the outer smooth musculature; few immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were found in ganglia of the outer submucous plexus. In the pyloric region, a few nitrergic perikarya were seen in the inner submucous plexus and some immunoreactive fibres were found in the muscularis mucosae. In the small intestine, nitrergic neurons clustered just underneath or above the topographical plane formed by the primary nerve strands of the myenteric plexus up to the 26th week of gestation, after which stage, they occurred throughout the ganglia. Many of their processes contributed to the dense fine-meshed tertiary nerve network of the myenteric plexus and the circular smooth muscle layer. NOS-immunoreactive fibres directed to the circular smooth muscle layer originated from a few NOS-containing perikarya located in the outer submucous plexus. In the colon, caecum and rectum, labelled nerve cells and fibres were numerous in the myenteric plexus; they were also found in the outer submucous plexus. The circular muscle layer had a much denser NOS-immunoreactive innervation than the longitudinally oriented taenia. The marked morphological differences observed between nitrergic neurons within the developing human gastrointestinal tract, together with the typical innervation pattern in the ganglionic and aganglionic nerve networks, support the existenc of distinct subpopulations of NOS-containing enterice neurons acting as interneurons or (inhibitory) motor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319421
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La Notion de Corps purs en Chimie organique (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 14 (1931), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19310140143
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroepithelial endocrine cells in the lung of Ambystoma mexicanum (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 225 (1989), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) cells were for the first time identified in the lung of the entirely aquatic urodele, Ambystoma mexicanum, by using light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. In the basal part of the ciliated epithelium and, less often, in the respiratory portion of the lung, NEE cells were found to occur both solitarily and in small clusters. No typical neuroepithelial bodies could be found. Using the method of Fernandez Pascual, some NEE cells were found to be argyrophilic. Microspectrofluorimetric analysis of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine. With antibodies to neuron-specific enolase only a few NEE cells exhibited a faint immunostaining. Electron-microscopically, the NEE cells are provided with distinctive cytoplasmic membranebound dense granules of variable size, which gave a positive argentaffin reaction. The images of emiocytotic granule release are indicative of a secretory function. In the tracheal epithelium, NEE cells seem to occur only solitarily. They bear the same ultrastructural characteristics as the intrapulmonary NEE cells but here, the dense granules are larger and associated with numerous bundles of microfilaments. Intraepithelial nerve endings were observed near the airway lumen. Between nerve terminals and NEE cells, synaptic complexes with aggregations of clear-centered vesicles close to the presynaptic membrane thickenings were observed. In addition, some nerve endings from “reciprocal synapses” with NEE cells. A receptosecretory function for NEE cells in the lung of A. mexicanum is supposed.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092250209
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pulmonary neuroepithelial endocrine system in the quail, Coturnix coturnix. Light- and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 239 (1994), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Seotonin ; Regulatory peptides ; Bombesin ; Somatostatin ; Neuroepithelial endocrine cells ; Neuroepithelial bodies ; Lung ; Quail ; Birds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite extensive knowledge of the neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) system in the lungs of species of various vertebrate classes, data on avians are limited. The present investigation deals with the light-and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology of pulmonary NEE cells in the quail, Coturnix coturnix. Light-microscopically, serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in numerous solitary and clustered NEE cells located in the cilio-mucous epithelium of primary and secondary bronchi in adult as well as in newly hatched quails. Only in newly hatched quails could a small number of bombesin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactive NEE cells be demonstrated. Electron-microscopical morphology revealed that NEE cells contained dense-cored vesicles of a wide range of diameters and electron densities. Nearly all of the NEE cells were seen to rest on the basement membrane of the cilio-mucous epithelium, lacking direct contact with the luminal surface. Nerve varicostities or nerve endings, of both afferent and efferent morphological appearance, were found directly apposed to the basal portion of NEE cells, invaginating between NEE cells or between NEE cells and adjacent epithelial cells. Often, synaptic specializations could be recognized between NEE cells and nerve terminals. Electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry confirmed that the intraepithelial serotonin-containing cells correspond to the cells with NEE characteristics. Moreover, two types of NEE cells could be distinguished in newly hatched quail lungs. Both types showed serotonin immunoreactivity selectively distributed over the dense-cored vesicles, but somatostatin- and bombesin-like immunoreactivities were only noted in one of the NEE cell types and were never seen colocalized. Thus, the avian NEE system too, harbors at least three different bioactive substances and has a morphology comparable to that of mammals, reptiles and amphibians. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092390108
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in the pig large intestine: Topography, morphology, and viscerofugal projections (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; NADPH diaphorase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Prevertebral ganglion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The distribution of neurons that are capable of synthesizing nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated in the porcine large intestine by means of NO synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry. An overall colocalization of NOS immunoreactivity and NADPHd staining was observed. Nitrergic neurons were abundant in the myenteric and outer submucous plexus of the caecum, colon, and rectum. Only a few nitrergic perikarya were seen in the inner submucous plexus of the colon and caecum, whereas a substantially larger number was observed in the rectum. Nitrergic nerve fibers were present in the three ganglionic nerve plexuses. Contrary to the outer longitudinal muscle layer and the mucosal region, the circular muscle layer received a dense nitrergic innervation. The nitrergic nerve cells were variable in size and shape, and several displayed vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity (IR). Retrograde tracing studies revealed the existence of nitrergic neurons that project to the caudal (inferior) mesenteric ganglion. They were observed in the myenteric and outer submucous plexus of the transverse and descending colon and the rectum. These observations strongly suggest that several subpopulations of NO-synthesizing neurons, namely, motor neurons and interneurons, should be distinguished in the porcine large intestine, thereby emphasizing the importance of NO as a biologically active mediator. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290203
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