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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the rat posterior pituitary gland and evidence of hormone release by exocytosis as revealed by freeze-fracturing (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 465-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Membranes ; Exocytosis ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Posterior pituitary glands from normal rats, and rats which had been deprived of water for varying periods, were examined by the freeze-fracture method. This technique reveals large areas of the nerve cell membrane. Images consistent with exocytosis as the mechanism of release of the neurohypophysial hormones were observed. These modifications were most numerous after the rat had been starved of water for 2 days. In normal rats, the large number of neurosecretory granules within the nerve fibres caused a bulging of the nerve cell membrane. The “bulges” disappeared 2 days after removal of drinking water. Regions of the membrane displaying “bulges” were characterised by the absence of the typical membrane-associated particles. It is postulated that the close proximity of the neurosecretory granules to the nerve cell membrane may result in rapid fusion of the neurosecretory granules on stimulation of the gland. The change in properties of the nerve cell membrane overlying the neurosecretory granules, as suggested by the loss of membrane-associated particles, may represent a change in the structure of the membrane to a form which is more favourable for fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306766
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of neurophysin in the neurosecretory elements of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of the normal and osmotically stimulated guinea-pig as demonstrated by immunofluorescence histochemical techniques (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 39-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei ; Accessory structures ; Neurosecretory pathways ; Neurophysin-like material ; Immunofluorescence histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antisera to porcine neurophysin-II and ovine neurophysin-III were used to localize neurophysin-like material in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of guinea-pigs with an immunofluorescence technique. Although the guinea-pig appears to have only one major neurophysin it was found to be localized in both of the bilateral magnocellular nuclei. Neurophysin-like material was also present in extreme rostral portions of the hypothalamus, in cells lying between the third ventricle and the supraoptic nucleus and in a cluster of cells dorsomedial to the fornix. Immunofluorescence was observed in neurosecretory fibres that followed pathways previously characterized with classical histological stains for “neurosecretory material”. The immunofluorescence in the hypothalamic elements of a normal guinea-pig was not greatly different from that in fluorescent structures present in an animal that had been severely dehydrated. In contrast, there was a marked depletion of neurophysin from the posterior pituitary gland of the dehydrated guinea-pig. The lack of graded fluorescence in the hypothalamus of the dehydrated animal is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307188
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurophysin and the neurosecretory fibres of the sheep infundibulum (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysins (sheep) ; Neurosecretory pathways ; Proximal and distal neurohypophysis ; Infundibulum ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cross-species reactive antiserum was used to study the cellular localization of neurophysin in the sheep hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. The immunofluorescent technique was used to follow the neurosecretory fibres emanating from the magnocellular nuclei to the lower infundibular stem. It was confirmed that neurophysin was present in both the internal and external zone of the infundibulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306719
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of a CRF-associated neurophysin in the external zone of the rat median eminence (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence (rat) ; External zone ; Adrenalectomy ; CRF-neurophysin ; Immunoperoxidase histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In picric acid-formalin fixed, paraplast embedded median eminence sections from normal and bilaterally adrenalectomized rats, the amount of “Gomori-positive” neurosecretory material and the amount of protein, cross reacting against a porcine neurophysin-II antiserum were determined. In normal rats, “Gomori-positive” substances and neurophysin were confined to the internal zone of the median eminence. After adrenalectomy, however, “Gomori-positive” granules and a neurophysin-like protein also became apparent in the external zone. Their amount increases, if the animals are treated with DOCA from the 15th to the 21st day after the operation. The distribution of the neurophysin-like protein in the external zone is similar to that of the “Gomori-positive” granules. Since the granules are regarded as a morphological correlate of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) it is assumed, that the protein, appearing in the external zone after adrenalectomy and cross-reacting against the neurophysin antiserum is a CRF-associated neurophysin. For this substance the name “CRF-neurophysin” is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218928
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurosecretion in the external and internal zone of the median eminence of the cat and dog (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: External median eminence (Cat, dog) ; Neurosecretory material ; CRF ; Neurophysin ; Immunoperoxidase histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge technique, in association with rabbit antiporcine neurophysin-II has been applied to the median eminence of the dog and cat in order to study the distribution of neurophysin-like antigens throughout this area of the brain and correlate the findings with the corresponding distribution of neurosecretory material (NSM) as revealed by the crotonaldehyde fuchsin stain. Neurophysin and NSM were both present in the hypothalamo-supraoptico-neurohypophysial system—the pathway taken by oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary lobe. Whereas the tuberoinfundibular tract of the median eminence was almost devoid of NSM, the presence of neurophysin-like material was clearly evident using immunoperoxidase histochemistry. The significance of a protein in the external median eminence possessing determinants cross-reactive against anti-neurophysin serum is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221354
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of neurophysin and vasopressin in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of rats homozygous and heterozygous for diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) as revealed by immunoperoxidase histology (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 101-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Brattleboro rats ; Magnocellular nuclei ; Vasopressin ; Immunoperoxidase histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 3-layer immunoperoxidase-bridge technique was used to study the distribution of neurophysin and vasopressin in the neurosecretory neurons of rats homozygous and heterozygous for diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain). In the homozygous rats there was a marked hypertrophy of the hypothalamic magnocellular structures when stained either for neurosecretory material or neurophysin-like antigens. Neurophysin was present in both the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of homozygous and heterozygous animals. Less than half of the cells in the PVN and SON were stained for neurophysin. This observation was less apparent when histochemical stains were used to visualize the distribution of neurosecretory material. Although it is generally considered that the homozygous Brattleboro rat does not synthesize vasopressin, a positive reaction was observed in the PVN and SON when anti-[8-lysine]vasopressin serum was employed in the immunohistochemical procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223233
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical identification of neurophysin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of some non-mammalian vertebrates (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Chicken ; Frog ; Goldfish ; Magnocellular nuclei ; Immunoperoxidase-cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiserum raised against a mammalian neurophysin, porcine neurophysin-II, was used in conjugation with the immunoperoxidase histochemical technique to detect neurophysin in the hypothalamus of the chicken, frog and goldfish. In the chicken, the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei as well as the internal and external zones of the median eminence stained for neurophysin. Material in the perikarya of the frog and goldfish preoptic nucleus also cross-reacted immunologically against anti-porcine neurophysin-II serum. Serial dilutions of the anti-mammalian neurophysin serum were carried out in order to ascertain at which point the 3-layer immunocytochemical reaction ceased to localize neurophysin. In the chicken, frog and goldfish as well as in the rat, neurosecretory structures became difficult to visualize between 12800 and 25400 fold dilution of antiserum. The results demonstrate that the immunological cross-reactivity previously observed between an anti-mammalian neurophysin serum and the neurophysin isolated from mammals of varying phylogeny also extends to certain non-mammalian vertebrates and is suggestive of a structural homology of neurophysin from different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209350
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time of fixation and the localization of gomori-positive and neurophysin-containing structures in the rat hypothalamus (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 523-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Neurosecretory material ; Magnocellular nuclei (rat) ; Postmortem fixation ; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were decapitated and the complete head stored at 4°C. At various time intervals, up to a maximum of 14 days, the brains and pituitary glands were removed and fixed in formalin-picric acid. Neurosecretory material (NSM), as revealed with crotonaldehyde fuchsin, and neurophysin as demonstrated by means of immunoperoxidase histochemistry were localized in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, median eminence and posterior pituitary gland. NSM and neurophysin were present in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei up to periods of 14 days although the cellular morphology was disrupted after about 4 days. After 4 days there was an abundance of positive staining “droplets” in both the SON, PVN and along the nerve fibres of the supraoptico-neurohypophysial tract. Pituitary gland NSM and neurophysin were still present 14 days post mortem. The slab gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of soluble proteins extracted from the posterior pituitary gland from the experimental and normal animals showed almost complete identity confirming the minimal action of proteolytic enzymes at 4°C up to a period of 6 days. It is concluded that as long as the tissue is cooled, rapid fixation of hypothalamic tissue is not essential for the localization of NSM and neurophysin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209351
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxytocinase-immunohistochemical demonstration in the immature and term human placenta (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 531-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human placenta ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Oxytocinase ; Anti-oxytocinase serum ; Immunofluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxytocinase (cystine aminopeptidase) was purified from human retroplacental serum by a combination of fractional precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography and gel exlusion chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme possessed a specific activity of 980 mIU/mg using L-cystine-di-p-nitroanilide as substrate. This represented a 3200 fold concentration from the starting material in an overall yield of 12%. Antibodies against oxytocinase were raised in rabbits and the γ-globulin fraction labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate prior to its use in the immunofluorescence histochemical localization of the enzyme in human placental tissue. Oxytocinase was confined to the syncytiotrophoblastic cells of normal term, and immature placentas as well as in placentas from patients suffering from severe toxaemia. Specific immunofluorescence was also present in the outer margins of the chorion and to a lesser extent in the amnion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209352
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the normal and dehydrated rat by the use of cross-species reactive anti-neurophysins (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 149-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysins ; Rat neurohypophysis ; Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiserum raised against porcine neurophysin-II and ovine neurophysin-III has been shown to cross react with the three neurophysins of the rat. The antisera were used in the immunohistological demonstration of neurophysin in the posterior pituitary gland and the hypothalamic nuclei of a normal rat and a rat subjected to varying degrees of osmotic stress. Depletion of neurosecretory material from the neural lobe of the stimulated rat is also accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the neurophysin and vasopressin content of the gland. Neurophysin is present in the cytoplasm of both the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306924
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