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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cohesion and promotion energies in the transition metals: Implications of the local-density approximation : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5688-5690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The accuracy of the local-density (LDA) or local-spin-density (LSDA) approximations when applied to transition metals is of great concern. Estimates of the cohesive energy compare the total energy of the solid with that of the free atom. This involves chosing the reference state of the free atom which, as a rule, will not be the free atom's ground state in LDA or LSDA. Comparing one reference state versus another, e.g., the dn−1s vs dn−2s2 for a transition metal, corresponds to calculating an s-d promotion energy Δ, which may be compared with experiment. Gunnarsson and Jones (GJ) [Phys. Rev. B 31, 7588 (1985)] found for the 3d row that the calculated Δ displayed systematic errors which they attributed to a difference in error within the LSDA in the treatment of the coupling of the outer-core electrons with the d versus non-d valence electrons. This study has been extended to relativistic calculations for the 3d, 4d, and 5d rows and for other promotions. The situation is more complicated than suggested by GJ, and its implications for cohesive energy estimates will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347912
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast reciprocating Langmuir probe for the DIII-D divertor : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new reciprocating Langmuir probe was used to measure density and temperature profiles, ion flow, and potential fluctuation levels from the lower divertor floor up to the X point on the DIII-D Tokamak. This probe is designed to make fast (2 kHz swept, 20 kHz Mach, 500 kHz Vfloat) measurements with 2 mm spatial resolution in the region where the largest gradients on the plasma open flux tubes are found and therefore provide the best benchmarks for scrap-off layer and divertor numerical models. Profiles are constructed using the 300 ms time history of the probe measurements during the 25 cm reciprocating stroke. Both single and double null plasmas can be measured and compared with a 20 Hz divertor Thomson scattering system. The probe head is constructed of four different kinds of graphite to optimize the electrical and thermal characteristics. Electrically insulated pyrolytic graphite rings act as a heat shield to absorb the plasma heat flux on the probe shaft and are mounted on a carbon/carbon composite core for mechanical strength. The Langmuir probe sampling tips are made of a linear carbon fiber composite. The mechanical, electrical, data acquisition, and power supply systems will be described. Initial measurements will also be presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147833
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrapartum fetal cerebral near infrared spectroscopy: apparent change in oxygenation demonstrated in a nonviable fetus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09572.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral mucosal keratinocytes express RANTES and ICAM-1, but not interleukin-8, in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reactions induced by amalgam fillings (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 28 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa characterized by a band-like accumulation of lymphocytes in the connective tissue adjacent to the basement membrane as well as intraepithelially. Amalgam fillings can induce oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) that are similar to OLP. The adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the chemokines interleukin-8 and RANTES all play central roles in leucocyte trafficking. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of these molecules in the migration of leucocytes into the oral mucosa in OLP and OLR. Standard immunoperoxidase techniques were used to visualize the expression of ICAM-1, RANTES and interleukin-8 in frozen biopsy sections. ICAM-1 was expressed by endothelial cells, but not by keratinocytes, in normal oral mucosa. ICAM-1 was expressed by keratinocytes in 11 of 12 biopsies of OLP and in six of seven biopsies of OLR. In all of these cases ICAM-1 was also expressed by endothelial cells and leucocytes. Although not present in normal oral mucosa, RANTES was expressed by keratinocytes in 21 of 24 biopsies of OLP and in seven of seven cases of OLR. Interleukin-8 was not detected in any of the samples. The expression of ICAM-1 and RANTES by epithelial keratinocytes in the oral mucosa in OLP and OLR could be a key inflammatory mechanism in these diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01158.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DESIGN OF SUB-OPTIMUM FILTER SYSTEMS FOR MULTI-TRACE SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 12 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Using optimum filter theory as a starting point, we describe a method for the design of practical multi-trace seismic data processing systems. We assume the inputs to be the superposition of signal, coherent noise, and incoherent noise. The signal and coherent noise moveouts are described statistically by their probability densities. Our approach is to split the system into two stages. The first stage achieves optimum noise suppression but distorts the signal. The signal distortion is reduced in the second stage by an optimum finite memory inverse filter.The system that is obtained using our method of design depends upon the form of the probability density functions. We show two examples, ghost suppression and velocity filtering. In ghost suppression we choose a model with moveouts known exactly, which corresponds to delta functions for the probability densities. In velocity filtering the signal and coherent noise moveouts are equally probable within non-overlapping ranges.The resulting system in each case is both simple and effective. In ghost suppression a simple shift and subtract cancels the coherent noise. The signal distortion is reduced by an inverse filter. The velocity filter system consists of differentiated moving averages applied to each trace, followed by a 90° phase shift and a low pass filter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1964.tb01896.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pityriasis rubra pilaris treated with acitretin and narrow-band ultraviolet B (Re-TL-01) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03316.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The α- and β-Anomers of D-Xylopyranose 1-Phosphate1,2 (1958)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 80 (1958), S. 6134-6138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a058
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen on the properties of hard magnets : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6044-6046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The enhancement of magnetic properties of RE-TM hard magnet materials, such as RE2Fe17, upon nitriding is studied using the Wigner–Seitz (Voronoi) construct. In analogy with other RE-TM nitrides, it is concluded that nitrogen has a strong preference to occupy the octahedral 9e site in the 2:17 compounds, to the exclusion of the other proposed sites. Additional materials are suggested as candidates for nitriding on the basis of the availability of such an octahedral site. The site preference and its effect on the magnetism in RE2Fe17 is discussed in relation to the Wigner–Seitz cell of the atoms. The magnetic moments on the iron are shown to be correlated with the WS cell volumes, and this dependence differs from that associated with αFe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358360
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetocaloric effect in superferromagnetic clusters having uniaxial magnetic anisotropy : 38th Annual Conference On Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5493-5495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic entropy change, ΔS (hence the heating or cooling) of ferromagnetically coupled magnetic clusters induced by an application of a magnetic field is substantial and occurs over a broad temperature range. This behavior contrasts with a ferromagnetic material, where larger entropy changes can be obtained, but only over small temperature ranges close to the Curie point. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to obtain ΔS when the spins are subjected to uniaxial anisotropy fields. While previous calculations for interacting spins showed increases in the Curie temperature and enhancements of ΔS in the vicinity of the Curie point with increasing anisotropy, the present results for interacting clusters show similar increases in the temperature of ΔS peaks accompanied by decreases in the peak values of ΔS. These results show that the flattening of the ΔS peaks, which make superferromagnetic materials valuable for magnetic refrigeration is assisted by the presence of uniaxial anisotropy. Some effects on ΔS of placing the spins on fixed BCC, FCC, and sc lattices are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355667
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disclinations, crystal fields, and easy axes of magnetization in the hard magnets (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5630-5630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There is a need for increased insight into the origins of the easy axes of magnetization of the transition metal-rare earth hard magnets. These systems form in Frank Kasper or closely related crystalline structures. David Nelson has pointed out1 that these topologically close packed phases are threaded with disclination lines. The principal chains among these lines, as they pass through rare-earth sites, appear to define the orientations of the crystal fields at these sites and, in turn, the low-temperature easy axes of magnetization. The currently available experimental data are shown to be in almost perfect accord with this definition of easy axes. Using these ideas, predictions are made for systems and structures for which magnetization anisotropy data have yet to be obtained. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364622
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