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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic resonance of sputtered Co/Mn multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4929-4931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Mn multilayers were prepared by rf sputtering onto single-crystal MgO(001) and Al2O3(112¯0) substrates resulting in, respectively, (001)and (111)-oriented layers. The structure was thoroughly analyzed by x-ray scattering in various geometries. For the magnetic investigations, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was applied. Complementary measurements employed the magneto-optical Kerr effect and Faraday balance magnetometry. Results for the in-plane anisotropy, the surface anisotropy, the magnetization, and the FMR linewidth are presented. The comparison with other Co-based multilayer system indicates that both the structural and the magnetic properties of the Co/Mn system are more complicated than in the case of systems with a presumably weaker electronic interaction at the interface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361591
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic resonance of sputtered Co/Mn multilayers (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6266-6266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Mn multilayers were prepared by rf sputtering onto single-crystal MgO and sapphire substrates resulting in, respectively, (001)- and (111)-oriented layers. The structure was thoroughly analyzed by x-ray scattering in various geometries (Q. Wang et al. to be published). For the magnetic investigations, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was applied. Complementary measurements employed the magneto-optical Kerr-effect (MOKE) and Faraday balance magnetometry. Results for the in-plane anisotropy, the surface anisotropy, the magnetization, and the FMR linewidth are presented. The comparison with other Co-based multilayer systems indicates that both the structural and the magnetic properties of the Co/Mn system are more complicated than in the case of systems with a presumably weaker electronic interaction at the interface [see also K. Ounadjela et al., Phys. Rev. B 49, 8561 (1994)]. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362030
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and magnetic properties of Co/face-centered-cubic Mn(001) multilayers (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1689-1695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural and magnetic properties of Mn in Co/Mn (001) multilayers were investigated by x-ray scattering, by magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, and with a Faraday balance. The multilayers were deposited by rf-sputtering on MgO(001) substrates. Small angle x-ray reflectivity scans and high angle Bragg scattering confirmed good layer quality and crystal coherence properties. In- and out-of-plane x-ray scattering revealed a coherent growth of face-centered-cubic (fcc) (or fct) Mn on fcc Co(001). The stability limit of the metastable fct Mn structure is about 20 A(ring) or 10 atomic layers. The magnetic exchange coupling appears to be partly antiferromagnetic with a first maximum located between 20 and 30 A(ring). Saturation magnetization measurements indicate no ferromagnetic moment for the fct Mn layers. Furthermore, the saturation moment per unit volume is reduced as compared to the bulk Co value, suggesting the presence of "dead layers'' at the Co/Mn interfaces. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360266
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and magnetic studies of FexCo1−x(001) alloy films on MgO(001) substrates (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1055-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin epitaxial FexCo1−x alloy films sputtered on MgO(001) substrates were studied by x-ray scattering and by the magneto-optical Kerr effect in order to investigate the structural phase stability induced by the substrate and to relate the magnetic properties to the alloy film structure. Alloy films with a thickness of about 20 nm and concentrations from x=1 to x=0.3 exhibit a bcc (001) growth with the in-plane [100] axis parallel to the MgO[110] axis. For pure Co (x=0) a fcc (001) structure with the Co[100] axis parallel to the MgO[100] axis was obtained. For x=0.15 no out-of-plane or in-plane Bragg peak could be observed, possibly due to the bcc-fcc structural phase transition. Kerr rotation angles in saturation as a function of x reveal a shape similar to the Slater–Pauling curve. Magnetic hysteresis measurements reveal a fourfold anisotropy with easy axes parallel to the FexCo1−x[100] crystal axis for 1≥x≥0.8, and parallel to the FexCo1−x[110] crystal axis for 0.7≥x≥0.3. In pure Co the easy axis lies parallel to the fcc-Co[110] crystal axis. Finally, for x=0.28 a step in the magnetic hysteresis in the FexCo1−x[11¯0] direction indicates an overlap of a fourfold and twofold magnetic anisotropy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358965
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and thermal stability of sputtered metal/oxide multilayers: The case of Co/Al2O3 (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1969-1976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Al2O3 multilayers have been grown on sapphire (112¯0) substrates by rf sputtering techniques. In situ resistance measurements reveal percolation thresholds of Co between 1.5 and 2.5 nm. Continuous metallic layers appear at thicknesses beyond 3.0 nm. Co layers grow in a polycrystalline manner, whereas Al2O3 layers are amorphous, as inferred from x-ray and transmission electron microscope studies. By fitting reflectivity data, interface roughnesses of only 0.25 nm were obtained. Annealing experiments up to 800 °C show a gradual internal oxidation at the Co/Al2O3 interface, while the overall structure and the multilayer period remain stable with constant interface roughnesses and reflectivity values. At 900 °C the layered structure is partly destroyed and Co forms crystallites thicker than one former Co layer. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358832
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FMR studies of magnetic properties of Co and Fe thin films on Al2O3 and MgO substrates : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6096-6098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of substrates on the magnetic properties has been studied for Co and Fe films both on Al2O3 (112¯0) and MgO (001) substrates by using ferromagnetic resonance techniques. For Fe(001)/MgO(001) samples the thickness dependence of the magnetocrystalline constant and of the effective magnetization values have been determined from the in-plane angular variation of the resonance field H0. Different reasons for the thickness dependencies of these parameters are discussed. For Co(111)/Al2O3(112¯0) the angular variation of H0 exhibits an uniaxial anisotropy, for which several causes are discussed. For Co(112¯0)/MgO(100) a four-fold in-plane anisotropy was observed which is due to the twinned structure of these samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358538
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized neutron reflectivity studies of biquadratic coupling in [Fe/Cr] (100) and [Fe/Al] (100) superlattices and films (invited) (abstract) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7092-7092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sensitivity to magnetic atoms and low intrinsic absorption characterize the interaction of neutrons with matter. Consequently, polarized neutron reflectivity provides a unique means of performing depth-resolved vector magnetometry. We have used this technique to determine the magnetization depth profiles of Fe/Cr superlattices. Superlattices of bilayer composition [55 A(ring) Fe/17 A(ring) Cr], grown at 523 K, exhibit biquadratic coupling with large saturation fields (∼3 kOe), while those grown at 293 K are ferromagnetically ordered. We have directly measured the evolution of the coupling angle between adjacent Fe layers as a function of applied field and will discuss how bilinear, biquadratic, and external field terms produce the observed order. The weaker coupling found in the Fe/Al system makes possible the investigation of a range of spin configurations at temperatures that do not endanger the sample. We have mapped the phase diagram of a [42 A(ring) Fe/12 A(ring) Al/39 A(ring) Fe] (100) trilayer and find evidence of biquadratic coupling at low temperatures and fields (e.g., when H=180 Oe, the Fe layer spins relax away from ferromagnetic alignment below T≈170 K). Our measurements agree qualitatively with energy minimization calculations and the results of bulk magnetometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358038
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropy studies of AFM coupled MBE grown Co/Cu(001) superlattices : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6184-6186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the anisotropy behavior of antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled fcc Co/Cu(001) sandwiches and superlattices. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements on samples with Cu film thicknesses in the range of the second antiferromagnetic maximum reveal characteristic shapes of the hysteresis loops in close agreement with theoretical predictions. For the AFM coupled samples we infer antiparallel spin orientations in remanence perpendicular to the originally applied magnetic field direction. Changing the magnetic layer thickness and maintaining a constant thickness of the spacer completely alters the shape of the hysteresis loops. The loops of weakly coupled AFM layers show characteristic steps, indicative for a rather unusual nonsymmetric spin state. This behavior can be explained by the competing effects of anisotropy with the exchange coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355450
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth temperature dependence of biquadratic coupling in Fe/Cr(100) superlattices studied by polarized neutron reflectivity and x-ray diffraction (abstract) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6193-6193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the polarized neutron specular reflectivity of superlattices of nominal composition (5.0 nm Fe/1.7 nm Cr) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. This chromium thickness lies at a minimum of the oscillatory bilinear (180°) coupling parameter, so these films are especially sensitive to biquadratic (90°) terms. One set of films was grown at a substrate temperature of 293 K and another at 593 K. Using neutron reflection, we find that the films grown at 523 K exhibit a 90° magnetic moment rotation between successive Fe layers, while the 293 K films are remanently ferromagnetically ordered in small applied fields (H=1.7 mT). Furthermore, we have observed that films grown at elevated temperature exhibit a larger amount of diffuse x-ray scattering due to conformal roughness than those grown at room temperature. These results suggest that the biquadratic coupling could be induced by the structure of the interfaces. We will also present the field and temperature dependence of the neutron reflectivity from the biquadratic films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355453
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting and magnetic properties of epitaxial high-quality Fe/Nb bilayers : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4755-4757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single crystal Fe/Nb (110) bilayers with an Nb thickness dNb in the range from 140 to 650 Å and with an Fe thickness dFe in the range from 5 to 100 Å were prepared using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. For dFe≥20 Å a decrease of the superconducting transition temperature Tc with decreasing dNb was observed. For dFe=20 Å the FMR data revealed a decrease of the effective magnetization of the Fe layer below the superconducting transition. This magnetization behavior is attributed to a spatial modulation of ferromagnetic order due to a modification of the RKKY interaction in the superconducting state.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365454
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