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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 30 (1958), S. 1146-1148 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 79 (1975), S. 2228-2233 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 79 (1975), S. 2234-2238 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 67 (1963), S. 1948-1953 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 44 (1979), S. 1454-1458 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5819-5821 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temperature-dependent longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistance measurements have been carried out on a series of five Fe-Ni multilayer thin films. The samples were prepared by sputtering onto glass substrates that were nominally at room temperature and proved to be highly textured with the (111) direction perpendicular to the substrate. The multilayer wavelength ranged from 21 to 155 A(ring) with each sublayer composed of an equal number of monolayers of Fe and Ni. For the larger-wavelength films the magnetoresistance data shows a preferred direction of in-plane magnetization associated with the film growth parameters. With the field perpendicular to the plane the data shows the characteristic break at the applied magnetic field required for saturation. This saturation field is not temperature dependent and does not vary much or in any systematic manner with wavelength. Above the saturation field the magnetoresistance varies linearly with applied field with a slope, dR/dH, that varies systematically with temperature but very little with wavelength. For the smaller-wavelength samples where both the Fe and Ni are in the fcc crystal structure there is evidence in both the magnetization and dR/dH for a more complicated magnetic structure than either the long-wavelength films or bulk materials. In particular there is evidence for atomic scale magnetic anisotropy that differs from the film average.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5536-5538 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A theoretical model which accounts for the variations of the giant magnetoresistance, Δρ/ρ, with electron mean free path, L, interface roughness, r, and magnetic, tM, and normal layer, tN, thickness has been previously presented for sandwich films. It employs the quantum-size-effect theory of resistivity in thin films and relies on spin dependent transmission or reflection at individual layer boundaries to establish the metallic quantum-well states. This model has now been extended (i) to films where L can be different in the magnetic, LM, and nonmagnetic, LN, layers, (ii) to an electron/atom number, n, of 0.131 as well as 1.047, and (iii) to films from sandwiches to those with as many as 64 (63) magnetic (nonmagnetic) layers. The focus is on films with relatively thin tM and tN where quantum, as distinguished from semiclassical, effects should dominate. Typical results can be summarized as follows: for tM∼tN∼10 monolayers, ML, and L's∼70 ML, Δρ/ρ increases more rapidly as LM than LN, but this effect is reduced as one goes from sandwiches to superlattices; Δρ/ρ is approximately 50% in a superlattice with r=5 ML, which is an order of magnitude larger than in a superlattice with r=1 ML. In a sandwich the difference between r=5 and r=1 is closer to a factor of 5. In the sandwiches Δρ/ρ is smaller for n=0.131 than for n=1.05.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 6075-6087 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative information about the range and strength of interactions between adatoms on surfaces is still scarce. However, through the use of the field ion microscope it is possible to pinpoint the location of individual metal atoms on a crystal, and therefore to establish by direct observation the probability P(R) of finding two atoms at sites separated from each other by the vector R. If equilibrium is established at the surface, this probability is related to F(R), the free energy of interaction, by P(R)∝exp[−F(R)/kT]; measurements of the probability therefore provide a quantitative estimate of the interaction between adatoms at specified sites on the surface. Such measurements have been carried out with two metal atoms on the most densely packed plane of tungsten, the (110). To minimize the amount of data taking, initial studies have been made on the distribution of an adatom (Pd) mobile at the temperature of equilibration around a chemically different metal atom (either Re or W) stationary at the center of the W(110) plane. These observations reveal a remarkable anisotropy. Palladium atoms are most frequently found at the nearest-neighbor position to the central atom, but the close by second and third-nearest neighbor sites are not populated. It is shown that this is due to a strong orientational dependence of interactions. Quantitative values for the free energy of interaction with the central adatom have been determined for Pd atoms at different sites on the surface. Along the close-packed direction [11¯1], interactions are attractive out to ≈10 A(ring), and show an oscillatory dependence upon distance; along [001] and [11¯0] they tend to be repulsive for both Re and W as the central atom. These effects are so far not predicted by theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 3191-3199 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Information about pair interactions between adatoms at specified sites on a surface can be readily obtained from the probability P(R) of finding two atoms at a separation R at equilibrium on a surface at temperature T. Observations of two adatoms in such a system at different separations, using the field ion microscope, yield a map of the free energy of interaction F(R), inasmuch as the probability P(R) is proportional to exp[−F(R)/kT]. Only pairs of chemically different metal adatoms have so far been examined in this way, and measurements have therefore been extended to chemically similar atoms. Observations with two iridium adatoms in many different configurations on W(110) reveal behavior similar to that previously found with Re–Pd and W–Pd: interactions extending over long distances, ≥10 A(ring), showing a pronounced orientational anisotropy. With the iridium pair oriented along the close packed [11¯1] direction, interactions are generally attractive at close distances; along [001] and [11¯0], repulsion is the rule. However, the strength of the attractions is greater than in the heteropairs previously studied. The behavior of rhenium atoms is quite different, in that pair interactions are repulsive at short distances. However, at larger ranges, interactions become attractive and are again dependent upon the orientation of the pair on the surface. The extent to which three-atom effects are important in cohesion has been tested for both iridium and rhenium by comparing the experimentally measured dissociation energy of trimers with values of the cohesion estimated from pair interactions. Many-atom contributions turn out to play a significant role in cohesion, not just for rhenium but also for iridium trimers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 6535-6536 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diffusivities have for the first time been quantitatively measured for two-dimensional clusters of iridium atoms on a metal surface, Ir(111). As cluster size increases from two to seven atoms, the diffusivity generally diminishes, but tetramers are an exception. It is shown that their high mobility comes about because of weak interatomic binding, and a low activation energy for diffusion, rather than from a change in the mechanism of motion, which involves displacements of individual adatoms independent of cluster size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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