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  • 21
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Lactols, VI. A Method for the Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral α-Hydroxysubstituted Nitriles, Alkynes, and AldehydesA rule is given for the determination of the absolute configuration of chiral α-hydroxysubstituted nitriles, alkynes, and aldehydes of type 2 which is based on enantiomer-selectivity in acetal formation of such compounds with a lactol of type 1 and characteristic differences in the chemical shifts observed in the NMR spectra of the diastereomeric acetals 3 and 4, respectively.
    Notes: Es wird eine Regel zur Bestimmung der Absolutkonfiguration von chiralen α-hydroxysubstituierten Nitrilen, Alkinen und Aldehyden des Typs 2 beschrieben, welche auf der Enantiomer-Selektivität von Acetalisierungsreaktionen solcher Verbindungen mit einem Lactol des Typs 1 beziehungsweise auf charakteristischen Verschiebungsunterschieden in den Kernresonanzen der diastereomeren Acetale 3 und 4 beruht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 359-365 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diastereoselectivity ; Effect, kinetic ; Effect, stereoelectronic ; Etherification ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereoelectronic Effects and Chiral Recognition, I.  -  Diastereoselective Formation of Ethers from AlkylarylcarbinolsAcid-catalysed etherification of various alkylarylcarbinols 1 leads to a mixture of diastereomeric products 2 and 3. As found in the closely related formation of diastereomeric acetals, the ratio 2/3 is shown to be time-dependent. Preferred formation of the meso-diastereomer 3 under kinetic condition and preferred formation of the racemic diastereomer 2 under thermodynamic conditions is observed. A reaction path based on π-π interactions and stereoelectronic effects is presented to explain experimental results.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 1576-1590 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Lactols, I. The 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran-2-yl Protective GroupThe preparation of the tricyclic lactones 11 and 12 starting from optically active camphor derivatives is described with several alternatives for the synthesis of 11. The lactol 20 is obtained from 11 by reduction. Lactol 20 and its derivative 21 (obtained by self-acetalisation of 20) react with a series of alcohols with high diastereoselectivity to yield the α(exo)-acetals 22.
    Notes: Die Herstellung der beiden tricyclischen Lactone 11 und 12 aus optisch aktiven Campherderivaten wird beschrieben, wobei für 11 mehrere alternative Synthesen untersucht werden. Aus 11 wird durch Reduktion das Lactol 20 erhalten. Mit hoher Diastereoselektivität lassen sich 20 und das daraus durch Selbstacetalisierung erhaltene 21 mit einer Reihe von Alkoholen zu den α(exo)-Acetalen 22 umsetzen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 1591-1606 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Lactols, II. Racemate Separation and Enantioselective Acetalisation with the 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran-2-yl Protective GroupA simple method for the resolution of the chiral alcohols, cyanohydrins, thiols and amines rac-2a-f by the reaction with the chiral protective group 1a (or 1b, respectively) is described. The diastereomeric derivatives 3a-f and 4a-f are separated by column chromatography or crystallisation. Subsequent methanolysis or hydrolysis, respectively, yields the enantiomers and the recovered protective group. With rac-2a-c preferential acetalisation of the (R)-enantiomers was observed. This phenomenon was investigated by modification of the protective group. Considerations on conformations of 3a point to an important role of the anomeric and exo-anomeric effect in this enantioselective reaction.
    Notes: Eine einfache Racemattrennung der chiralen Alkohole, Cyanhydrine, Thiole und Amine rac-2a-f durch Umsetzung mit der chiralen Schutzgruppe 1a (bzw. 1b), Trennung der diastereomeren Derivate 3a-f und 4a-f durch Säulenchromatographie oder Kristallisation und anschließende Methanolyse bzw. Hydrolyse und Rückgewinnung des Reagens 1b wird beschrieben. Bei der Umsetzung von rac-2a-c beobachtete man eine bevorzugte Acetalisierung der (R)-Enantiomeren. Die Untersuchung dieses Phänomens durch Modifikation der Schutzgruppe und konformationelle Überlegungen anhand von 3a weisen auf eine bedeutende Rolle des anomeren und exo-anomeren Effekts bei dieser enantioselektiven Reaktion hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 1607-1616 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Lactols, III. An Enantioselective Alkylation of Mercaptoacetic AcidThe enantioselective alkylation of mercaptoacetic acid (2) via the thioacetal 3 is described. The enantiomeric excess (e. e.) observed was 54% in the methylation and 60% in the ethylation reaction in favour of the (R)-form. The (S)-diastereomer was formed only in minor amounts during alkylation and could be removed by esterification of the diastereomeric acids 7 and subsequent column chromatography. Methanolysis of 7 and 8 yielded the optically active acids 9 and the methyl acetal 6, respectively, which reacted with 2 to reform the thioacetal 3. Considerations are made on the mechanism of this asymmetric alkylation.
    Notes: Die enantioselektive Alkylierung von Mercaptoessigsäure (2) über das Thioacetal 3 wird beschrieben. Bei der Methylierung wurden 54% Enantiomerenüberschuß (EE), bei der Ethylierung 60% EE zugunsten der (R)-Form beobachtet. Durch Veresterung der diastereomeren Säuren 7 und anschließende Säulenchromatographie gelang die Entfernung des bei der asymmetrischen Alkylierung in geringen Mengen gebildeten (S)-Diastereomeren. Durch Methanolyse von 7 und 8 wurden die optisch aktiven Säuren 9 bzw. das Methylacetal 6 erhalten, welches sich mit 2 wieder zum Thioacetal 3 umsetzen ließ. Überlegungen über den Mechanismus dieser asymmetrischen Alkylierung werden angestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 4453-4458 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Lactols, V. The Synthesis of (S)-Benzoin from meso-HydrobenzoinAn efficient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-benzoin [(S)-5] is described. In the key step, which is a selective acetal formation reaction, a compound of type 1 (e.g. [2S-(2α,3aα,4α,7α,7aα)]-octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7- methanobenzofuran-2-ol (1a)) reacts with the hydroxy group at the (S)-centre of meso-hydrobenzoin (2) to yield 79% of the acetal 3a. This compound is oxidized using N-chlorosuccinimide/dimethyl sulfide to yield the ketone 4, from which enantiomerically pure 5 is obtained by treatment with acid. The selectivity observed in acetal formation is discussed.
    Notes: Es wird eine effiziente Synthese von enantiomerenreinem (S)-Benzoin [(S)-5] beschrieben. Der entscheidende Schritt ist eine selektive Acetalbildung zwischen einer Verbindung vom Typ 1 (z. B. [2S-(2α,3aα,4α,7α,7aα)]-Octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7- methanobenzofuran-2-ol (1a)) und der Hydroxylgruppe am (S)-Zentrum von meso-Hydrobenzoin (2), wobei das Acetal 3a mit 79% Ausbeute entsteht. 3a läßt sich mit N-Chlorsuccinimid/Dimethylsulfid zum Keton 4 oxidieren, aus dem man durch Behandeln mit Säure enantiomerenreines 5 erhält. Die Selektivität der Acetalbildung wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 887-892 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Configuration, absolute ; Alkanols, chiral ; Acetals ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral Lactols, XI. - A Method for the Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral AlkanolsChiral secondary alcohols which are protected with the enantiomerically pure lactol 1 or 2 show significant differences in 13C-chemical shifts around the glycosidic linkage. An easy method for determination of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols based on this fact is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Camphoracetyl chloride ; Lactols, fused ; Lactones, fused ; Pseudoacid chlorides ; Reagents, stereoselective ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: endo-Fused lactone 3 was obtained in high yield from the camphoracetic acid 2 with thionyl chloride and a subsequent reduction of intermediate 5 with tributyltin hydride. The structure of 5 was elaborated and some aspects of the mechanism of its formation and reactivity were investigated. Lactone 3 serves as key intermediate for lactol 1 which is a useful reagent in racemate resolution and asymmetric synthesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: antiarrhythmic agents ; mbe-lactole ; rsp-cyclodextrine ; preparation of enantiomers ; GE 68 ; pharmacodynamic activity ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An improved synthesis of the enantiomers of the new benzofurane-type antiarrhythmic compound 1 is described, which makes use of the enantiomerically pure mbe-lactol. Thus, acylation of the benzofurane 4 with acetic anhydride and subsequent bromination gave the bromoacetyl-derivative 6, which, after reduction with LiAlH4, was protected with mbe-lactol to give a mixture of the diastereomers 8A and 8b. After separation via column chromatography assignment of absolute configuration was carried out using a well-established NMR- method. Reaction with propylamine and cleavage of the protective group gave (R)-1 and (S)-1, respectively. Enantiomeric purity was confirmed using a direct HPLC method with rsp-cyclodextrine as stationary phase. Pharmacological investigations on isolated guinea pig heart muscle preparations showed that GE 68 and its two enantiomers did not significantly differ from each other with regard to their negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and lack of β-adrenoceptor blocking action. In contrast, the reference drug propafenone was equally potent in its negative inotropic and chronotropic activity as GE 68, but additionally showed a weak β-adrenoceptor blocking activity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Configuration, absolute ; Acetals ; Anomeric effect ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and conformational analysis of diastereomeric acetals 4-7 of aromatic cyanohydrins and structurally related compounds are described. Based on 1H-NMR spectroscopic and X-ray data it is shown that the absolute configuration of such compounds can be assigned according to a method, which has been presented previously for secondary arylalkyl alcohols.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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