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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 481-486 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antigen distribution in lymph node ; Reticular-fiber network of lymph node
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A lymph-carried antigen is retained preferentially in those areas of the subcapsular sinus of a lymph node overlying the extrafollicular zone of the peripheral cortex. There, it becomes associated with the reticular fibers crossing these particular sinus areas. We wondered whether the antigen thereafter diffuses along the extensions of these fibers which form a peculiar network in the “cortical pathways of migration of circulating lymphocytes” (CPMCL), leading to the different cell populations effecting the immune responses. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antigens were injected locally into rats sacrificed 0.5–24 h later. The antigens diffused along the fibers of the CPMCL. It is proposed that this diffusion constitutes one mechanism of stimulation of recruited circulating lymphocytes and of orientation of their migration towards the proper effector-cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 263-271 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Alteration of lymphocytes ; Mast cells ; Weakening of immune system ; Aging ; Atrophy ; Lymph node ; Athymic animal ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports the occurrence of an accumulation of lethally altered lymphocytes in the subcapsular sinus of a compartment or compartments of some lymph nodes, an unusual feature best developed in nodes of the mesenteric site in aging athymic animals. Many of these cells are rod-like. In other compartments, similar lymphocytes occurred at various depths in the nodal parenchyma. This was accompanied by the disappearance of a compartment's populations of normal lymphoid cells. The observations reveal that lymphocytes, altered in a tissue, may reach the subcapsular sinus of the draining node compartment and migrate into its parenchyma which then undergoes atrophy. The likely involvement of mast cells is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mast cells ; Humoral immune responses ; Fibers of lymph node ; Weakening of immune system ; Aging ; Rat (Spragne-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reports vary on the amount and distribution of mast cells in lymph nodes. We analysed the mast-cell population in compartments of nodes of diverse sites, from euthymic and athymic animals of various ages. Nodal mast cells were few in young animals, occurring mostly in medullary sinuses. Aging is often accompanied by a moderate increase of nodal nast cells. In compartments of a few nodes of some aged athymic and euthymic animals, the mast cells were greatly increased in the extrafollicular zone overlying medulla directly. In certain cases, this great increase was accompanied by pronounced mast-cell degranulation and by fibrosis in the mast cell-rich extrafollicular zone. It is suggested that the mast cells of medullary sinuses relate to non-immunological events, while those of the lymphoid parenchyma relate to elements that can induce humoral immune responses or are somehow involved in nodal processes of such responses. It is further suggested that an occasional emergence, with aging, of a deficiency of particular humoral immune responses may induce an excessive increase of cortical mast cells, and that activities of the resulting dense mast-cell population contribute to the onset of fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 135 (1971), S. 309-321 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Subcapsular cells lining the thymic stroma vary from low to high forms, while others have a hemocytoblastoid aspect. The purpose of the present study was to establish whether the transformation of the low forms into hemocytoblastoid subcapsular cells can be induced by an antigen. Rats given 10 Lf of diphtheria toxoid intramediastinally were killed at periods ranging from 3 to 24 hours later. Other rats were injected with 3H-thymidine at various intervals after the toxoid injection, and were killed one hour later. The observations revealed a rapid hemocytoblastoid transformation of subcapsular cells following administration of the toxoid. The transformation is detectable as early as three hours after the injection and can be completed after nine hours. Radioautography revealed that DNA duplication is initiated rapidly in the transforming subcapsular cells, since it can be completed 9 to 12 hours after the toxoid injection. Other observations suggested the transformation of reactive perithymic fibroblasts into subcapsular cells as well as the transformation of hemocytoblastoid fibroblasts and subcapsular cells into free hemocytoblastoid cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 199 (1981), S. 213-226 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently we reported that the deep cortex of the rat lymph node is made up of semi-rounded “units,” some of which are partially fused into “complexes”. We further found that each unit is centered on the opening(s) of an afferent lymphatic vessel, the topographical organization of the deep cortex of a node correlating with the distribution pattern of the opening(s) of its afferent lymphatic(s). The present study aims to clarify the morphology of the deep cortex unit, particularly with regard to its reticular framework, its lymphatic sinuses, as well as its network of postcapillay venules. For that purpose, we analyzed rat nodes from various locations by way of tridimensional reconstruction. The observations revealed that each unit is formed of a “center” and a “periphery,” distinguishable from one another on the basis of their morphological features. The center is nearly devoid of reticular fibers, whereas the periphery exhibits a dense framework of fibers. Moreover, the periphery is the site of concentration of most postcapillary venules of a unit and contains lymphatic sinuses which, peculiarly, are often loaded with small lymphocytes. While both regions are populated mainly by small lymphocytes, the periphery usually contains a lower concentration of these cells than the center. The overall findings support the view that the center is a site of cellular retention and proliferation, whereas the periphery is a site of rapid lymphocyte migration in and out of the unit.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 199 (1981), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using tridimensional reconstruction, it was recently found that the deep cortex of rat lymph nodes comprises one to several basic “units”. Each unit is a semi-rounded structure contiguous to the peripheral cortex and bulging into the medulla of a node. Other investigators reported that transfused lymphocytes, heavily labelled in vitro by 3H-uridine, became concentrated in an illdefined region of nodes, referred to as the mid and deep cortex. This suggested to us that the in vivo labelling of nodes with 3H-uridine, might allow to further characterize the units on a physiological basis. Therefore, rats were injected intraveously with a dose of 1-20 μCi of 3H-uridine/gm body weight and sacrificed 1 hour to 3 days later. The radioautographs of their nodes were exposed up to 535 days. The observations revealed that a large dose of 3H-uridine combined with a long exposure of the radioautographs yielded a differntial labelling of the cell population of the units, characterized by a much more intense reaction than that of the surrounding structures. This demonstrated that the physiology of the lymphocyte population of the deep cortex units differs from the morphologically similar lymphocyte population of the extrafollicular zone of the peripheral cortex. The possible reason(s) for the differential labelling of the units is discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 215 (1986), S. 427-428 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 199 (1981), S. 61-72 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently, we reported that the deep cortex of the rat lymph node is formed of semi-rounded structures, the “deep cortex units,” contiguous to the peripheral cortex and bulging into the medulla. It was suggested that a unit represents an accumulation of lymphocytes centered on the opening of an afferent lymphatic vessel. To verify the proposal, we carried out a tridimensional analysis of serially sectioned rat nodes, fixed by perfusion and trimmed in such a way as to preserve their lymphatics. The tridimensional analysis revealed that a constant topographical relationship exists between the units and the openings of the afferent lymphatics. The results demonstrated that the topographical organization of the deep cortex of a rat node correlates with the distribution pattern of the opening(s) of its afferent lymphatic(s). The overall observations suggested the following explanation for the shape and topography of the units: factor(s) present in the lymph would spread in a radial manner from the opening(s) of an afferent lymphatic through the underlying cortex. The factor(s) would induce morphological modifications in the stimulated semi-rounded area which, in turn, would provoke a local accumulation of circulating lymphocytes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 201 (1981), S. 553-561 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In preceeding studies, we clarified the histology of the deep cortex of the rat lymph node. It was shown that the deep cortex is made up of basic elements termed “deep cortex units,” some of which are fused to one another into “deep cortex complexes.” Each unit is a semirounded lymphocytic structure, centered on the opening of an afferent lymphatic, contiguous to the peripheral cortex, and bulging into the medulla of a node. Moreover, each unit comprises a “center” and a “periphery,” bearing distinct morphological features. The present work was undertaken to verify whether the histology of the deep cortex of nodes from various species of mammals, currently used for experimental immunology, is comparable to that of the rate. The observations yielded a positive answer to the question.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 209 (1984), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The deep cortex of the lymph node of various species actually consists of hemispherical structures, termed deep cortex “units.” Each unit is centered under an opening of an afferent lymphatic and comprises a center and a periphery. In a recent work on the nude mouse, we found that the congenital athymic state inhibits the development of the lymphocyte population in the center of the units as well as in a related area of peripheral cortex, and that it also modifies other nodal components. In the present work, we wanted to compare the effects of the athymic state on the rat nodes. Therefore, nodes from various anatomical locations in 8-week-old nude rats were submitted to a tridimensional analysis. The overall effects of the congenital athymic state were found to be comparable in rats and mice. However, marked differences were noticed in the modifications of the node histology, in both species of nude animals. Their significance is discussed together with new findings.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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