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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na effects on CuInSe2: Distinguishing bulk from surface phenomena (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4205-4212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of sodium on the performance of CuInSe2-based solar cells has been under discussion for already a decade. We present experimental evidence using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other, complementary physical characterization methods, which indicate that, after exposure to an external Na source, no significant amounts of sodium, beyond the residual amount, found in as-grown samples, enter intact crystals, except via defects such as grain boundaries. However, after such exposure, sodium is found in significant concentrations on crystal surfaces, something that is accompanied by an increase in oxygen concentration, as judged by XPS. As expected metallic Na attacks the crystals and can destroy them or at least introduce significant defect densities. Adding Se0 is found, via Na2Se formation, to temper Na activity specifically its effects on crystal disintegration. This is different from the effect of Se0 along where annealing (of n-type) crystals results in n to p type conversion by Cu outdiffusion. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457539
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-induced fragmentation of multiwall carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 188-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of single nanotube fragmentation, under tensile stresses, using nanotube-containing thin polymeric films. Similar fragmentation tests with single fibers instead of nanotubes are routinely performed to study the fiber-matrix stress transfer ability in fiber composite materials, and thus the efficiency and quality of composite interfaces. The multiwall nanotube-matrix stress transfer efficiency is estimated to be at least one order of magnitude larger than in conventional fiber-based composites. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120680
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hollow nanoparticles of WS 2 as potential solid-state lubricants (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 387 (1997), S. 791-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Solid lubricants fill a special niche in reducing wear in situations where the use of liquid lubricants is either impractical or inadequate, such as in vacuum, space technology or automotive transport. Metal dichalcogenides MX2 (where M is, for instance, Mo or W and X is S or Se) are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387791a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Properties and Emulsification Behavior of Denatured Soy Proteins (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 59 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Soy protein isolate was physically (heat pretreatment) and chemically (urea, guanidine·HCl, and cleavage of SS bonds) modified in order to dissociate subunits, unfold the protein and improve surface properties: hydrophobicity, emulsification capability, and stability. Heat pretreatment as well as chemical treatment with urea or guanidine·HCl or reduction of disulphide bonds, will improve emulsification performance in comparison to native soy protein isolate. Significant differences in reduction of surface tension of water in the presence of native and modified proteins were observed (45 and 35 dynes/cm respectively). Measurements of fluorescence indicated that the relative hydrophobicity of the soy protein was also improved (from 600 to 1360) after heat pretreatment or contacting the soy protein with 8M urea solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05573.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties and Fourier transform IR analysis of MCM-48, Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous materials (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Dielectric spectroscopy ; FT-IR spectroscopy ; Mesoporous materials ; MCM-48 ; Al-MCM-48 ; Ti-MCM-48
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Broad-band dielectric spectroscopy was used to investigate the dielectric properties of the meso- porous materials MCM-48, Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48. The samples were examined in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from −100 to 250 °C. The dielectric relaxation of the materials has a complex nonexponential behavior with some common features for all the samples. The dielectric spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR measurements identified the relaxation process related to percolation of H+ ions associated with silanol groups and water adsorbed in the materials. The non-Debye behavior of the macroscopic dipole correlation functions related to the percolation process allowed us to extract the fractal dimensions of the paths of excitation transfer within the porous medium, and the porosity of each sample was estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050549
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The internal state of a gas of particles with spin (1980)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 12 (1980), S. 837-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A Hamiltonian theory of motion for particles with internal structure, based on a dynamical bracket algebra, serves to define a generalized phase space for axially symmetric particles. Hydrodynamics of a gas of particles are explored through Liouville's and Boltzmann's equations and the equilibrium distribution function is obtained. Some modification of the pressure and density are necessary because of the spin and for a cold Fermi gas in thermal equilibrium they are shown explicitly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00763059
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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