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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution gas chromatography with thermostable glass open tubular capillary columns (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 45 (1973), S. 930-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60328a032
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of intramolecular microstructure of styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers: new proton NMR assignments supported by 2D-NOESY NMR (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 1473-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00007a007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoxidation of thiols with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine-tetra-sodium sulfonate, attached to poly(vinylamine) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol with molecular oxygen in water with cobalt(II)phthalocyanine-tetra-sodium sulfonate attached to poly(vinylamine) has been investigated. Specially attention was paid to the effect of pH and chain dimensions on polymer activity. The polymer catalyst possesses a large conformational freedom at neutral pH, but at higher pH a shrinkage of the polymer coil occurs and diffusion limitations cannot be excluded. The catalyst shows an enzyme-like behaviour in the autoxidation of thiol. Overall activation energies appear to decrease with increasing pH. At pH = 7.4, Ea = 61 KJ mole−1; at pH = 9.5, Ea = 3 KJ mole−1. Electrostatic effects are of major importance in the chemical reactivity since they affect the local thiol-anion concentration in the close vicinity of the polymer attached oxidation sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700285
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous copolymerization behavior of styrene and ethyl methacrylate at high conversion (1984)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 12 (1984), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Styrene and ethylmethacrylate were copolymerized in bulk at 62°C and several monomer feed ratios. At moderately high conversion, anomalous copolymerization behaviour occurred. Although the onset of the departures from expected copolymerization behaviour seems to be related to the onset of the gel-effect, this relation did not hold when mimicking higher conversion by adding an amount of homopolymer. Obviously the propagation reactions are not only affected by changes in diffusion characteristics but also by changes in other medium characteristics e.g. interactions between monomeric and copolymeric species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263150
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerisation in supported bilayers (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 1114-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Organically modified clay minerals ; Polymerisation ; Supported bilayers ; Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The intercalation of the twin-tailed amphiphilic dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODA) ions in smectite clay minerals provides a well-defined supported bilayer system. Polymerisation of styrene in these robust model bilayers allows one to focus on the effect of the constrained medium on the polymerisation process and the polymer. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis and differential scanning calorimetry data indicated that the polymerisation of styrene in DODA–montmorillonite leads to phase separation between polystyrene and the surfactant matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000378
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization for high performance polymers (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 402-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key wordsBlock-copolymers ; polyethylene oxide ; polybutylene oxide ; reactive surfactants ; emulsion polymerization ; dispersion polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  A variety of nonionic reactive surfactants have been prepared from block copolymer precursors. These precursors are formed from a commercially available polyoxyethylene glycol monomethylether as the hydrophilic sequence of the surfactant; this product is used as initiator of ring opening anionic polymerization of butylene oxide. Finally the reactive surfactants are obtained after proper functionalization of the precursor. The reactive surfactants are an inisurf with an asymmetric azo compound, a transurf with a thiol group, and a few surfmers with acrylic, methacrylic, styrenic and α-methyl styrenic reactive groups. These compounds have been engaged in styrene emulsion or dispersion polymerization. Several of them have been found to be useful for preparing stable latices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050259
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polybutadiene latex particle size distribution analysis utilizing a disk centrifuge (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Disk centrifuge photosedimentometer ; polybutadiene latex ; particle size distribution analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polybutadiene latexes made in emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm of both unimodal and bimodal particles size distributions were analyzed by the line-start (LIST) method in a Brookhaven Disk Centrifuge Photosedimentometer (DCP). A special spin fluid was designed to be able to sediment polybutadiene since the density of the polymer is 0.89 gcm−3 and is thus less dense than its suspending medium. Density and viscosity gradients were created simply by adding five different mixtures of ethanol, water, and emulsifier in density sequence to the spinning disk. Coagulation problems caused by diluting polybutadiene latices with ethanol were overcome by using nonionic Triton X-100 surfactant. Good agreement in the average particle size and distribution as well as polydispersity between transmission electron microscope and disk centrifuge data was accomplished. The analysis time for polybutadiene latex particle sizing thus was reduced from several days to approximately 1 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the intramolecular structure of styrene-ethylmethacrylate copolymers by 1H- and 13C-NMR: Reassignment of 1H-NMR spectra (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1439-1456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The compositions and sequence distributions of homogeneous styrene (S)-ethyl methacrylate (E) copolymers, obtained by low conversion solution polymerization have been studied by 1H- and 13C-NMR. A new set of peak triad assignments was proposed for the δ 2.1-4.2 ppm region in the 1H-NMR spectrum, whereby the reactivity ratios of rS = 0.59 and rE = 0.50 were used to establish this new assignment. The EEE and SSS blocks, present in these copolymers, have a high degree of syndiotacticity (σEE = 0.23, σSS = 0.39), whereas the ESE units are exhibiting a slight tendency toward isotacticity (σES = 0.66).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260516
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the feasibility of TLC/FID to reveal chemical composition distributions of copolymers obtained by emulsion processes (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 817-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CCD (chemical composition distribution) of poly(styrene-co-ethyl methacrylate) has been determined by thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID). It appeared that a mixture of five reference copolymers obtained by solution polymerization each having a narrow CCD, could be separated in five distinct peaks, provided a modified spotting procedure and a concentration gradient elution technique were applied. All copolymers prepared by solution polymerization could be successfully characterized. Copolymers obtained by emulsion techniques using nonionic or anionic surfactants containing oxyethylene groups, or in the absence of chain length modifier behaved anomalously and appeared to have spurious CCD's. Also the average composition calculated from these CCD's did not agree with the average composition determined by 1H-NMR. This anomalous behaviour disappeared when using sodium lauryl sulfate as surfactant or when applying a chain length modifier (n-dodecyl mercaptan) during the preparation of the polymer. Several possibilities have been proposed in order to explain these phenomena. The most probable explanation seems to be reaction of a growing polymer chain with surfactant molecules resulting in a quasi-terpolymer. This polymer containing highly polar oxyethylene groups, remains strongly adsorbed on the silica surface during elution, thus disturbing the separation process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multimonomer partitioning in latex systems with moderately water-soluble monomers (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2311-2325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: multimonomer partitioning ; emulsion copolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simple equations describing monomer partitioning in latices during intervals 2 and 3 in emulsion polymerization with any number of low to moderately water soluble monomers were derived from the extended Morton equation by making various assumptions. It appears that it is mainly the combinatorial entropy of mixing that governs the partitioning behavior, and that other contributions to the free energy of the monomers in the polymer particles are marginal. Experimental results with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate confirm the validity of the assumptions. In interval 3 of emulsion polymerization the sum of all contributions to the free energy of the monomers in the particles other than the combinatorial entropy of mixing can be taken as a constant that is dependent only on the monomer composition in the particles and independent of the degree of swelling of the particles. The only parameters one needs to know to calculate the monomer concentrations in all phases with help of the derived equations, are the saturation concentrations of each monomer in the polymer particles, and the saturation concentrations of each monomer in the aqueous phase. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321213
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