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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the first time in the literature, radiographs of breast phantoms were obtained using several monochromatic synchrotron radiation x-ray beams of selected energy in the range from 14 to 26 keV. In addition, after optimization of the photon energy as a function of the phantom thickness, several mammographs were obtained on surgically removed human breast specimens containing cancer nodules. Comparison between radiographs using a conventional x-ray unit and those obtained of the same specimens utilizing synchrotron monochromatic beams clearly shows that higher contrast and better resolution can be achieved with synchrotron radiation. These results demonstrate the possibility of obtaining radiographs of excised human breast tissue containing a greater amount of radiological information using synchrotron radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 25 (1988), S. 223-231 
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; asymmetry ; image intensity ; schizophrenia
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography (CE-MRM) in patients with suspected radial scar on mammography. Thirty women with radial opacities or black star findings at mammography, preoperatively underwent CE-MRM. Examinations were performed with a 1.5 T magnet with a bilateral surface coil using a FS T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) and three-dimensional (3D) dynamic T1-weighted fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequences. Criteria for lesion evaluation included morphologic patterns and signal intensity curves. Mammography and CE-MRM findings were compared with pathologic findings. CE-MRM suggested the presence of radial scar in 18 of 30 cases and the presence of malignancy in 11 of 30 cases; 1 lesion was classified as borderline. At surgery 22 radial scars (including 4 with associated ductal carcinoma in situ) and 8 carcinomas were detected. CE-MRM provided a specificity of 89%, sensitivity of 83%, and accuracy of 87%. Differently from breast cancer, radial scars are nonenhancing at CE-MRM. Nevertheless, the possibility of nonenhancing carcinomatous foci existing within radial scars implies that surgical excision should be performed in all cases. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) ; Senology education ; Multimedia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to demonstrate the computerized system on senology, which combines a hypermedia application to a multimedia didactical archive, integrated with a radiological information system. These applications have been developed on Macintosch computers using the softwares Supercard and 4th Dimension. The hypermedia application deals with basic principles of anatomy as well as the radiologic semeiology and pathology through different imaging techniques in order to illustrate basic principles. Thus, students can modify their learning pathways and the timing as they wish. Limitations are related to time consumption in preparing the programs and technical difficulties in expanding them. Multimedia archive allows to classify a large number of difficult and uncommon clinical cases, creating an easily updatable teaching file in digital format which considerably improves access to stored image data, also reducing loss of films and film degredation. From initial experiences we conclude that these systems are valid devices in information and up to date for physicians dedicated to the study of breast pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. S259 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MRI ; Costs ; MRI installations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Investments in diagnostic imaging in European countries range between 2.2 and 5.4 % of gross national product, a figure which, in view of new imaging modalities and increased radiological density, is considered to be wholly inadequate. Despite the fact that radiological examinations contribute more than laboratory tests and other diagnostic modalities to the final clinical diagnosis, and that MR is of increasing clinical relevance, economic constraints mean that the number of new MRI installations in Europe is decreasing relative to the situation elsewhere. The present article discusses the current state of radiological imaging in Europe with particular emphasis on present and expected future trends in MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; MR angiography ; MR cholangiopancreatography ; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of integrating MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and MR angiography (MRA) to conventional MR images in the diagnosis and assessment of resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were prospectively examined with MR. Conventional MR images were acquired in all patients. Three-dimensional MRCP and MRA images were acquired in all patients with suspected biliary and vascular involvement. Acquisition time was less than 45 min in all cases. Images were independently evaluated by two radiologists, with final reading decided by consensus among readers. Diagnosis was confirmed with surgery in 16 patients and with percutaneous biopsy in 7. Concordance among readers was high with a kappa value of 0.83. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was observed in all patients. Correct assessment of unresectability due to vascular involvement was found in 22 of 23 patients. Biliary obstruction was evident in 13 patients, involving the biliary and pancreatic ducts in 9 and the biliary ducts only in 4. Technical advances permit extensive use of MRI in the evaluation of abdominal pathologies. The combination of MR imaging, MRCP, and MRA can provide sufficient information for the diagnosis and assessment of resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which otherwise would require three different exams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1513-1522 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bile ducts ; Biliary stones ; Biliary strictures ; Bile ducts ; Neoplasms ; Obstruction ; Pancreatic duct ; Pancreas ; Chronic pancreatitis ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Magnetic resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a non-invasive imaging technique able to provide projectional images of the bile ducts. Different sequences, using both breath-hold and non-breath-hold acquisition techniques, have been employed in order to obtain MRCP images. The authors discuss technical aspects, considering both three-dimensional non-breath-hold techniques and two-dimensional breath-hold, multi-slice and thick slab sequences. Clinical applications of MRCP are evaluated, presenting data from both the literature and personal experience. The main indication for MRCP study is represented by the evaluation of common bile duct obstruction, with the aim of assessing the presence of the obstruction (accuracy 85–100 %) and, subsequently, its level (accuracy 91–100 %) and its cause. The utility of associating conventional MR images to MRCP in malignant strictures, in order to characterize and stage the malignant lesion, is also discussed. Finally, data are presented regarding the indications and the utility of MR-pancreatography in the evaluation of patients with pancreatic duct anomalies and chronic pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CT – Intestines – Celiac disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this retrospective study was to establish whether the distinctive intestinal fold pattern of celiac disease (CD), known by barium studies as jejunoileal fold pattern reversal (JFPR) may be recognized at CT. The number of intestinal folds per 2.5 cm, seen at CT, were counted in the jejunum and in the ileum of 22 adult patients with CD and compared with the folds of 30 consecutive subjects in whom an intestinal disease had been excluded. The results were submitted to statistical analysis by Student's t-test. In the control group the number of folds per 2.5 cm were 4.88 (SD ± 0.78) in the jejunum and 2.84 ( ± 0.62) in the ileum; in the CD group the number of folds were 2.42 ( ± 1.61) in the jejunum and 5.11 ( ± 1.24) in the ileum. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of jejunal and ileal folds between the CD patients and the control group (in both cases p 〈 0.001). The JFPR was seen in 15 patients with CD (68.2 %) but in none of the controls. Our study shows that JFPR is not a normal finding and can be demonstrated by CT in the majority of patients with CD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Bile ducts ; MR - Bile ducts ; neoplasms - Bile ducts ; stenosis or obstruction - Magnetic resonance ; rapid imaging - Pancreatic duct ; MR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) at 0.5 T. To our knowledge no previous studies of MRCP have been performed at mid-field strength. Thirty-one patients with dilated biliary systems were examined with three-dimensional MRCP. All patients were studied with a 0.5 T superconducting magnet. A three-dimensional turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence was acquired (TR = 3000 ms, TE = 700 ms, echo train length = 45; acquisition time = 14 min 10 s). Coronal images were post-processed with the MIP algorithm. Recently, the parameters have been optimised (TR = 3000 ms, TE = 700 ms, echo train length =128), reducing the acquisition time to 3 min. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 26 cases; 5 patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTC. MRCP and ERCP images were evaluated by an experienced radiologist and an endoscopist. MRCP of diagnostic quality was acquired in all patients. Choledocholithiasis was correctly evaluated by MRCP in 12 of 12 patients, compared with 11 correct diagnoses by ERCP. The presence and the level of the stricture were accurately shown in 16 of 16 patients with MRCP and in 13 of 16 patients with ERCP. The peripheral biliary tree above the obstruction and pancreatic duct were better evaluated by MRCP in all cases. In 3 of 3 patients who had undergone bilio-enteric surgery, a correct evaluation of the site of the anastomosis was possible with MRCP. It is concluded that MRCP performed at mid-field strength allows good visualisation of the dilated biliary system. Excellent results have been obtained on comparison with ERCP. MRCP performed at mid-field strength could have the same clinical value as high field strength MRCP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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